Characteristics of Studies Evaluating Surveillance PET or PET/CT
| Study | Type of cancer | N | Age (y) | Male (%) | Tumor stage | Study design and duration* | Type of scanner | Time (mo) from treatment end to first PET/CT scan | Scanning frequency | Reference standard |
| PET/CT: lymphoma | ||||||||||
| Crocchiolo (22), 2009, Italy | Hodgkin lymphoma | 27 | Median, 35 | ND | I, 4%; II, 44%; III, 33%; IV, 19% | Retrospective cohort (1999–2006) | Discovery LS or Discovery ST; GE Healthcare (CT used for attenuation correction) | ND | Every 4 mo during first year, every 6 mo in second and third years, yearly thereafter | Contrast-enhanced CT, MR imaging, bone marrow biopsy, clinical examination |
| El-Galaly (23), 2011, Denmark | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 52 | Mean, 61 | 60 | Ann Arbor I, 25%; II, 15%; III, 27%; IV, 33% | Retrospective cohort (2006–2009) | Discovery VCT; GE Healthcare | ND | Mean, 2.6 routine PET/CT scans per patient | Biopsy or additional imaging/follow-up |
| Lee (21), 2010, United States | Hodgkin lymphoma | 192 | Median, 33 | 50 | Early (IA–IIA), 48%; advanced, IIB–IV), 52% | Retrospective cohort (2003–2006) | ND | ND | Variable | CT, biopsy |
| Rhodes (24), 2006, United States | Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 41 | Median, 13 | 56 | I or II, 66%; III or IV, 34% | Retrospective cohort (1999–2004) | Discovery LS (CT used for attenuation correction) | ND | ND | Clinical examination, lab results, biopsy |
| PET/CT: head and neck cancer | ||||||||||
| Abgral (25), 2009, France | Squamous cell carcinoma | 91 | Mean, 57.4 | 86 | Negative scans: I, 7.7%; II, 21.2%; III, 17.3%; IV, 53.8%. Positive scans: I, 2.6%; II, 17.9%; III, 23.1%; IV, 56.4% | Prospective cohort (2005–2008) | Gemini GXLi; Philips (CT used for attenuation correction) | 12.3 ± 4.1 for negative scans; 10.7 ± 4.7 for positive scans | Once | Physician interpretation of clinical examination |
| PET: lymphoma | ||||||||||
| Hosein (27), 2011, Italy | Mantle cell lymphoma | 34 | Mean, 69.1 | 73 | Unknown, 6%; I, 20.5%; II A+B, 3.8%; III A+B+C, 69.7% | Prospective cohort (2004–2011) | Axis; Marconi, and Gemini TF; Philips | ND | Three times, at 6, 12, and 24 mo | Biopsy or curative surgery |
| Zinzani (26), 2009, Denmark | Lymphoma | 421 | ND | ND | ND | Prospective cohort (2002–2007) | Discovery; GE Healthcare | 6 | Every 6 mo for first 2 y, and then annually | Imaging or biopsy or clinical examination |
| PET: head and neck cancer | ||||||||||
| Lowe (29), 2000, France | Head and neck | 30 | ND | ND | III or IV, 100% | Prospective cohort (ND) | ECAT 951/31; Siemens | 10 (also PET at 2 mo) | Twice (also PET at 2 mo) | Biopsy |
| Périé (30), 2007, France | Squamous cell carcinoma | 43 | Mean, 56.8 (range, 41–78) | 86 | III or IV, 100% | Prospective cohort (2000–2003) | C-PET; ADAC | 12–14 | Once | Imaging, biopsy, or cytology |
| Salaun (31), 2007, France | Squamous cell carcinoma | 30 | Mean, 59.3 (SD, 13.2) | 77 | I, 7%; II, 7%; III, 27%; IV, 40% | Retrospective cohort (2002–2005) | Allegro; Philips | 21 (SD, 13.7) | Once | Imaging, histology |
| PET: colorectal | ||||||||||
| Selvaggi (28), 2003, United States | Colorectal | 31 | Mean, 61 (range, 43–79) | 61 | B2, 26%; C1, 42%; C2, 32% | Retrospective cohort (1993–1998) | EXACT 47; Siemens | 24 | Once | CT, biopsy, histology, surgery |
| Sobhani (20), 2008, United States | Colorectal | 65 | PET: mean, 58.1 (SD, 11.2); control: mean, 62.0 (SD, 12.1) | ND | PET: IV, 12.1%; Control: IV, 13.8% | Randomized controlled (2001–2004) | CPET; Philips | 9 | Twice, at 9 and 15 mo | Histology from biopsy or curative surgery, or clinical examination, tumor markers, and imaging procedures |
↵* Period during which patients were treated and seen for posttreatment consultation.
ND = no data.