TABLE 3

Summary of Test Performance for Surveillance PET/CT and PET

Study	No. of patients or scans	TP	FN	TN	FP	Sensitivity, with 95% CI	Specificity, with 95% CI	PPV and NPV, with 95% CIs	LR+ and LR−, with 95% CIs	Time of scan
PET/CT: lymphoma
Crocchiolo (22)	27 patients	6	0	15	6	100, 54–100	71, 48–88	0.50, 0.25–0.75; 1.00, 0.80–1.00	3.50, 1.78–6.88; incalculable	First year, every 4 mo; second and third year, every 6 mo; annually thereafter
El-Galaly (23)	52 patients	1	0	47	4	100, 3–100^*	92, 80–97^*	0.20, 0.04–0.62; 1.00, 0.92–1.00	12.8, 4.98–32.7; incalculable	Half-yearly scan for first 2 y after treatment; mean 2.6 scans per patient during first 2 y
Lee (21)	192 patients	9	3	162	18	75, 43–93	90, 84–94	0.33, 0.19–0.52; 0.98, 0.95–0.99	7.50, 4.34–13.0; 0.28, 0.10–0.74	Variable timing and frequency
Rhodes (24)										Variable, within 30 mo after negative posttreatment PET/CT
	41 patients	6	0	15	20	100, 54–100	43, 27–60	0.23, 0.11–0.42; 1.00, 0.80–1.00	1.75, 1.31–2.33; incalculable	(Per-patient calculation, equivocal scans considered positive)
		6	0	28	7	100, 54–100	80, 63–91	0.46, 0.23–0.71; 1.00, 0.88–1.00	5.0, 2.58–9.70; incalculable	(Per-patient calculation, equivocal scans considered negative)
	247 scans	18	1	154	74	95, 72–100	68, 61–73	0.20, 0.13–0.29; 0.99, 0.96–1.00	2.92, 2.35–3.62; 0.08, 0.01–0.53	(Per-scan calculation, equivocal scans considered positive)
		18	1	212	16	95, 72–100	93, 89–96	0.53, 0.37–0.69; 1.00, 0.97–1.00	13.5, 8.3–21.9; 0.06, 0.01–0.38	(Per-scan calculation, equivocal scans considered negative)
PET/CT: head and neck cancer
Abgral (25)	91 patients	30	0	52	9	100, 88–100	85, 73–93	0.77, 0.62–0.87; 1.00, 0.93–1.00	6.78; 3.71–12.4	One scan at mean of 11.6 mo; follow-up in 6 mo
PET: lymphoma
Hosein (27)	34 patients	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	Every 6 mo for 3 y
	162 scans					83, 36–97	64, 56–72
Zinzani (26)	421 patients	41	5	375	0	89, 76–96	100, 99–100^†	1.00, 0.91–1.00; 0.99, 0.97–0.99	Incalculable; 0.11, 0.05–0.25	Every 6 mo first 2 y, then annually
		46	0	358	17	100, 92–100	95, 93–97^†	0.73, 0.61–0.82; 1.00, 0.99–1.00	22.1, 13.9–35.1; incalculable
PET: head and neck cancer
Lowe (29)	30 patients	16	0	13	1	100, 79–100	93, 64–100	0.94, 0.73–0.99; 1.00, 0.77–1.00	14, 2.12–92.6; incalculable	Once at 10 mo
Périé (30)	43 patients	3	1	36	3	75, 22–99	92, 78–98	0.50, 0.19–0.81; 0.97, 0.86–1.00	9.75, 2.86–33.2; 0.27, 0.05–1.48	Once at 1 y
Salaun (31)	30 patients	8	0	21	1	100, 63–100	95, 75–100	0.89, 0.57–0.98; 1.00, 0.85–1.00	22.0, 3.24–149; incalculable	Once at mean of 21 (±13.7) mo
PET: colorectal
Selvaggi (28)	31 patients	4	0	26	1	100, 40–100	96, 79–100	0.80, 0.38–0.96; 1.00, 0.87–1.00	27.0, 3.95–184; incalculable	At 2 y, after negative body CT and MR imaging at 1 and 2 y
Sobhani (20)	65 patients (ITT)	ND	ND	ND	ND	91	92	ND	ND	At 9 and 15 mo

↵* Result of first scan 6 mo after treatment.
↵† 2 × 2 table not provided in study. To estimate test accuracy we performed 2 analyses, treating inconclusive tests as negative in first row and as positive in second row.
TP = true-positive; FN = false-negative; TN = true-negative; FP = false-positive, CI = confidence interval; PPV = positive predictive value; NPV = negative predictive value; LR+ = positive likelihood ratio; LR− = negative likelihood ratio; ND = No data; ITT = intention to treat.