Recent Physical Phantom Evaluations of SPECT Quantification of Radionuclides Relevant to Internal Radionuclide Therapy as Well as 99mTc
| Study | Radionuclide | System | Reconstruction | Absolute quantification accuracy |
| Zeintl et al., 2010 (18) | 99mTc | SPECT/CT | OS-EM, CDR, CT-derived AC, energy window–based SC, PVC | <6.8% error for 0.5- to 16-mL spheres |
| Dewaraja et al., 2010 (37) | 131I | SPECT/CT | OS-EM, CDR, CT-derived AC, energy window–based SC | <17% error for 8- to 95-mL spheres; 31% for 4-mL sphere |
| Assie et al., 2010 (23) | 111In | SPECT and CT separate | OS-EM, CT-derived AC, energy window–based SC, PVC | <20% error for organs and 2- to 32-mL spheres; 48% error for 0.5-mL sphere |
| Shcherbinin et al., 2008 (49) | 99mTc, 111In, 123I, 131I | SPECT/CT | OS-EM, CDR, CT-derived AC, analytic scatter modeling | 3%–5% error for 32-mL bottles |
| Minarik et al., 2008 (95) | 90Y | SPECT/CT | OS-EM, CDR, CT-derived AC, ESSE | <11% error for liver and 100-mL sphere |
| Willowson et al., 2008 (19) | 99mTc | SPECT/CT | OS-EM, CT-derived AC, transmission-dependent SC, PVC | <4% error for liver and cardiac chambers |
| de Wit et al., 2006 (59) | 166Ho | SPECT | OS-EM, CDR, 153Gd transmission source–derived AC, Monte Carlo scatter modeling | 16% average error for 220-mL bottles |
| Du et al., 2006 (62) | 123I | SPECT/CT | OS-EM, CDR, CT-derived AC, ESSE, PVC | <2% error for putamen and caudate regions of brain phantom |
| He at al, 2005 (52) | 111In | SPECT/CT | OS-EM, CDR, CT-derived AC, ESSE, PVC | <12% error for organs and 8- to 23-mL spheres |
| Koral et al., 2005 (50) | 131I | SPECT and CT separate | OS-EM, CDR, CT-derived AC, energy window–based SC, PVC | <7% average error for 100-mL sphere |
AC = attenuation correction; SC = scatter correction.