Patient Characteristics and Comparison of Patients With and Without AVC
| Patients… | ||||
| Variable | All patients (n = 669) | Without AVC (n = 327) | With AVC (n = 342) | P |
| Mean age ± SD (y) | 71 ± 10 | 67 ± 11 | 74 ± 8 | <0.0001 |
| Male (n) | 427 (64%) | 213 (65%) | 214 (63%) | 0.49 |
| Asymptomatic (n) | 311 (47%) | 139 (43%) | 172 (50%) | 0.044 |
| Hypertension (n) | 483 (72%) | 224 (69%) | 259 (76%) | 0.037 |
| Diabetes mellitus (n) | 261 (39%) | 113 (35%) | 148 (43%) | 0.021 |
| Dyslipidemia (n) | 422 (63%) | 208 (64%) | 214 (63%) | 0.78 |
| Hyperuricemia (n) | 195 (29%) | 83 (25%) | 112 (33%) | 0.036 |
| Chronic kidney disease (n) | 329 (49%) | 146 (45%) | 183 (54%) | 0.022 |
| Current smokers (n) | 117 (18%) | 62 (19%) | 55 (16%) | 0.33 |
| Medications (n) | ||||
| RAS inhibitors | 292 (44%) | 140 (43%) | 152 (44%) | 0.67 |
| β-blocker | 79 (12%) | 40 (12%) | 39 (11%) | 0.74 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 295 (44%) | 135 (41%) | 160 (47%) | 0.15 |
| Nitrate or nicorandil | 90 (14%) | 37 (1%1) | 53 (16%) | 0.11 |
| Statin | 201 (30%) | 92 (28%) | 109 (32%) | 0.29 |
| Antihyperuricemia | 85 (13%) | 39 (12%) | 46 (14%) | 0.55 |
| Hypoglycemic | 142 (21%) | 63 (19%) | 79 (23%) | 0.23 |
| Insulin | 62 (9%) | 26 (8%) | 36 (11%) | 0.25 |
| Aspirin | 138 (21%) | 53 (16%) | 85 (25%) | 0.0057 |
| Results of MPS | ||||
| Mean SDS ± SD | 2.8 ± 4.3 | 2.6 ± 4.2 | 3.0 ± 4.4 | 0.025 |
| SDS ≥ 3 (n) | 220 (33%) | 96 (30%) | 124 (36%) | 0.061 |
| SDS ≥ 8 (n) | 75 (11%) | 29 (9%) | 46 (14%) | 0.062 |
RAS inhibitors = renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (e.g., angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, angiotensin type II receptor blocker, and direct renin inhibitor).