Common Ultrasound Molecular Imaging Targets, Conjugation Methods, and Applications
| Target | Ligand (conjugation method) | Application | Reference |
| VEGF receptor type 2 | Anti-VEGFR-2 mAb* | Preclinical | (10–12) |
| Single-chain VEGF† | Preclinical | (8) | |
| Heterodimeric lipopeptide† | Preclinical/clinical (prostate cancer) | (4,16–18) | |
| avβ3-integrin | cRGD peptide* | Preclinical | (12) |
| cRRL peptide* | Preclinical | (29) | |
| Anti-integrin av-chain mAb* | Preclinical | (30) | |
| Anti-RGD–containing disintegrin echistatin mAb* | Preclinical | (30) | |
| Echistatin* | Preclinical | (31) | |
| Knottin peptide binding avβ3-integrin* | Preclinical | (32) | |
| Cyclic RGD peptide† | Preclinical | (33) | |
| ICAM-1/VCAM-1 | Anti-ICAM-1 and -VCAM-1 mAb* | Preclinical | (15,34) |
| CD105 | Anti-CD105 mAb* | Preclinical | (11,35) |
| P or E selectin | Polymeric sulfo-Lewis-x* | Preclinical | (13,14) |