Baseline Characteristics of Patients
| Patients with features of metabolic syndrome | |||||
| Variable | All patients | No features | 1 or 2 features | 3 or more features | P |
| Age (y) | 58 ± 10 | 56 ± 11 | 59 ± 10 | 56 ± 10 | 0.01 |
| Female sex | 129 (28) | 9 (24) | 74 (30) | 46 (25) | 0.46 |
| Smokers | 87 (19) | 9 (24) | 36 (15) | 42 (23) | 0.06 |
| Prior CAD | 115 (25) | 4 (11) | 60 (25) | 51 (28) | 0.07 |
| BMI | 30 ± 6 | 25 ± 2 | 28 ± 4 | 33 ± 7 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 241 ± 46 | 228 ± 36 | 240 ± 46 | 245 ± 48 | 0.09 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 46 ± 13 | 52 ± 9 | 51 ± 13 | 39 ± 9 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 152 ± 41 | 152 ± 33 | 153 ± 38 | 152 ± 46 | 0.97 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 220 ± 162 | 114 ± 23 | 186 ± 132 | 288 ± 187 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride/HDL-C | 5.6 ± 6.3 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 4.2 ± 4.7 | 8.3 ± 7.7 | <0.001 |
| Plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 98 ± 19 | 88 ± 10 | 94 ± 11 | 105 ± 25 | <0.001 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 16 ± 4 | 16 ± 3 | 16 ± 4 | 16 ± 4 | 0.69 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.15 ± 0.17 | 1.15 ± 0.14 | 1.13 ± 0.18 | 1.18 ± 0.17 | 0.02 |
| Rest heart rate (bpm) | 62 ± 11 | 59 ± 9 | 61 ± 10 | 63 ± 11 | 0.09 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 132 ± 21 | 112 ± 10 | 132 ± 21 | 135 ± 19 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 71 ± 10 | 65 ± 9 | 72 ± 10 | 73 ± 10 | <0.001 |
| Rest rate–pressure product | 8,158 ± 2,072 | 6,623 ± 1,089 | 8,111 ± 2,048 | 8,146 ± 2,112 | <0.001 |
bpm = beats per minute.
n = 462 for all patients; 37 for patients with no features of metabolic syndrome, 244 for patients with 1 or 2 features, and 181 for patients with 3 or more features. Data are mean ± SD, or n with percentage in parentheses.