Baseline Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Controls, PDD Group, and non-PDD Group
| Region | PDD (n = 6) | Non-PDD (n = 17) | Control (n = 27) | Age effect | Group effect | Overall model |
| Primary sensorimotor cortex | 1.40 ± 0.10 NA | 1.40 ± 0.11 NA | 1.42 ± 0.12 NA | F = 9.03; P = 0.0043 | F = 0.23; P = 0.79 | F(2,22) = 3.74; P = 0.017 |
| Parietal association cortex | 1.35 ± 0.19 NA | 1.42 ± 0.15 NA | 1.45 ± 0.12 NA | F = 10.32; P = 0.0024 | F = 1.46; P = 0.24 | F(2,22) = 6.64; P = 0.0008 |
| Posterior cingulate cortex | 1.45 ± 0.14A | 1.57 ± 0.18B | 1.65 ± 0.12B | F = 8.43; P = 0.0057 | F = 5.23; P = 0.009 | F(2,22) = 9.37; P < 0.0001 |
| Occipital cortex | 1.35 ± 0.14A | 1.44 ± 0.14B | 1.53 ± 0.12B | F = 11.52; P = 0.0014 | F = 7.02; P = 0.0022 | F(2,22) = 12.03; P < 0.0001 |
| Frontal association cortex | 1.43 ± 0.08 NA | 1.45 ± 0.12 NA | 1.50 ± 0.13 NA | F = 13.87; P = 0.0005 | F = 1.46; P = 0.25 | F(2,22) = 7.27; P = 0.0004 |
| Anterior cingulate cortex | 1.34 ± 0.07 NA | 1.35 ± 0.12 NA | 1.39 ± 0.13 NA | F = 27.71; P < 0.0001 | F = 1.49; P = 0.24 | F(2,22) = 12.97; P < 0.0001 |
| Temporal association cortex | 1.24 ± 0.11 NA | 1.28 ± 0.10 NA | 1.30 ± 0.10 NA | F = 6.46; P = 0.015 | F = 1.05; P = 0.36 | F(2,22) = 4.25; P = 0.0099 |
| Hippocampus | 1.05 ± 0.09 NA | 1.08 ± 0.06 NA | 1.10 ± 0.08 NA | F = 6.18; P = 0.017 | F = 1.22; P = 0.31 | F(2,22) = 4.25; P = 0.001 |
| Amygdala | 1.01 ± 0.09 NA | 1.05 ± 0.09 NA | 1.04 ± 0.08 NA | F = 1.72; P = 0.20 | F = 0.35; P = 0.71 | F(2,22) = 1.28; P = 0.30 |
| Thalamus | 1.54 ± 0.06 NA | 1.47 ± 0.10 NA | 1.54 ± 0.12 NA | F = 0.65; P = 0.43 | F = 2.75; P = 0.074 | F(2,22) = 1.93; P = 0.14 |
| Caudate nucleus | 1.42 ± 0.16A | 1.47 ± 0.11B | 1.55 ± 0.20B | F = 11.46; P = 0.00 | F = 3.24; P = 0.048 | F(2,22) = 7.80; P = 0.0003 |
| Putamen | 1.71 ± 0.13 NA | 1.62 ± 0.13 NA | 1.58 ± 0.16 NA | F = 0.65; P = 0.43 | F = 0.27; P = 0.77 | F(2,22) = 0.28; P = 0.83 |
ANCOVA F values are presented with Duncan post hoc testing between subgroups: subgroup means with same letter are not significantly different. Brain regions are averaged for left and right hemispheres. Data are mean ± SD, unless otherwise indicated.
NA = not applicable.