TABLE 1

Arterial Substrate Concentration, Myocardial Extraction Fraction, and Utilization

	Arterial concentration			Myocardial extraction fraction			Myocardial utilization (nmol/g/min)
Intervention	FFA (nmol/mL)	Glucose (μmol/mL)	Lactate (nmol/mL)	FFA	Glucose	Lactate	FFA	Glucose	Lactate
Fast (n = 5)	496 ± 117	4.78 ± 0.27	999 ± 367	0.45 ± 0.11^*	0.03 ± 0.03	0.20 ± 0.09	116 ± 68	77 ± 67	88 ± 38
Clamp/IL (n = 4)	2,701 ± 790^*	4.89 ± 1.00	926 ± 272	0.17 ± 0.06	0.07 ± 0.04	0.13 ± 0.09	452 ± 248^*	254 ± 71	109 ± 79
Clamp/LA (n = 4)	88 ± 31	4.81 ± 0.85	2,467 ± 794	−0.16 ± 0.15^*	0.09 ± 0.02	0.39 ± 0.09^†	−10 ± 10	283 ± 63	626 ±134
Clamp (n = 4)	80 ± 29	4.87 ± 0.67	1,202 ± 636	0.11 ± 0.05	0.15 ± 0.06^‡	0.46 ± 0.13^‡	11 ± 10	671 ± 181^‡	716 ± 599
Clamp/PH (n = 5)	104 ± 34	4.00 ± 0.76	2,080 ± 1,276	0.19 ± 0.10	0.24 ± 0.08^§	0.39 ± 0.15^†	29 ± 26	1,262 ± 454^*	1,055 ± 1,466

↵* P < 0.05 vs. all groups.
↵† P < 0.05 vs. Clamp/IL.
↵‡ P < 0.05 vs. Fast.
↵§ P < 0.05 vs. Fast, Clamp/IL, and Clamp/LA.
Clamp = hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp; IL = Intralipid; LA = lactate; PH = phenylephrine; myocardial extraction fraction = ([arterial – coronary sinus concentration]/[arterial concentration]); myocardial utilization = (arterial – coronary sinus) (μmol/mL)) × MBF (mL/g/min).
Values represent mean ± SD.