TABLE 1

Blood and Urine Measurements Before and After Scanning

Parameter	Reference value	Value
Parameter	Reference value			Before*	After^†	1 mo later^‡
Plasma
Noradrenaline	<4.31 nmol/L		3.34
Adrenaline	<0.22 nmol/L		0.11
Dopamine^§	nmol/L		0.11
Serotonin	2.8–5.4 nmol/10⁹ thrombocytes	26 ↑	27 ↑	21 ↑
Tryptophan	40–70 μmol/L	45.1	25.7 ↓	26.4 ↓
5-HIAA^§	nmol/L	3,939.0 ↑	3,407.0 ↑	3,502.0 ↑
Tryptase	<11.4 μg/L		4.72
Urine
Creatinine	7.1–13.5 mmol/L	6.6	3.9	6.4
5-HIAA	0.8–3.8 mmol/mol of creatinine	124.2 ↑	247.3 ↑	101.1 ↑
Noradrenaline	<30 μmol/mol of creatinine		17
Adrenaline	<10 μmol/mol of creatinine		2.1
Dopamine	<300 μmol/mol of creatinine		41
POHPAA	10.0–20.0 mmol/mol of creatinine		—	—
HVA	1.1–5.5 mmol/mol of creatinine		4.1	3.7
VA	5.0–15.0 mmol/mol of creatinine		1.3 ↓	11.0
MOPEG	0.4–1.5 mmol/mol of creatinine		1.1	0.8
VMA	0.5–2.5 mmol/mol of creatinine		2.2	1.4
DOPAC	<2.0 mmol/mol of creatinine		0.5	0.8
Metanephrine	33.0–99.0 mmol/mol of creatinine		96	91
Nonmetanephrine	64.0–260.0 μmol/mol of creatinine		181	221
3-MT	45.0–197.0 μmol/mol of creatinine		444 ↑	519
M-histamine	<150 μmol/mol of creatinine		52	50
MIMA	0.9–1.9 mmol/mol of creatinine		2.1 ↑
Serotonin	0–66 μmol/mol of creatinine	274 ↑	271 ↑	294 ↑

↵* Blood and urine samples routinely taken 5 h before ¹⁸F-DOPA injection.
↵^† Blood and urine samples taken directly after PET scanning, 2.5 h after ¹⁸F-DOPA injection.
↵^‡ Blood and urine samples taken 1 mo after ¹⁸F-DOPA PET scan to obtain individual baseline reference.
↵^§ Not detectable in healthy subjects.
POHPAA = p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid; HVA = homovanillic acid; VA = vanillic acid, MOPEG = 3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol; VMA = vanillylmandelic acid; DOPAC = 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; 3-MT = 3-methoxytyramine; M-histamine = N-methylhistamine; MIMA = methylimidazoleacetic acid.
— = not measured; ↑ = increased level; ↓ = decreased level.