Decay Characteristics of Positron Emitters Used in Preclinical or Clinical Radioimmunoscintigraphy Studies*
| Positron emitter | Production | Half-life (h) | Main β+-energies† | Main γ-energies† | Intrinsic spatial resolution loss§ (mm) | Reference | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (keV)‡ | (%) | (keV) | (%) | |||||||
| 94mTc | 94Mo(p,n) | 0.87 | 2,438 | 67.6 | 871 | 88.5 | 3.2 | (9,10) | ||
| 1,869 | 5.4 | |||||||||
| 68Ga | 68Ga/68Ga generator | 1.13 | 1,899 | 87.9 | — | 2.4 | (11) | |||
| 18F | 18O(p,n) | 1.83 | 634 | 100.0 | — | 0.7 | (12) | |||
| 20Nc(d,α) | ||||||||||
| 64Cu | 64Ni(d,2n) | 12.7 | 653 | 17.9 | — | 0.7 | (11,13) | |||
| 64Ni(p,n) | ||||||||||
| 86Y‖ | 86Sr(p,n) | 14.7 | 1,221 | 12.5 | 443 | 16.9 | 1.8 | (14–16) | ||
| 1,545 | 5.6 | 628 | 32.6 | |||||||
| 646 | 9.2 | |||||||||
| 703 | 15.4 | |||||||||
| 777 | 22.4 | |||||||||
| 1,077 | 82.5 | |||||||||
| 1,153 | 30.5 | |||||||||
| 1,854 | 17.2 | |||||||||
| 1,921 | 20.8 | |||||||||
| 76Br‖ | 75As(3He,2n) | 16.2 | 871 | 5.9 | 559 | 72.3 | 5.3 | (17) | ||
| 76Se(p,n) | 990 | 5.1 | 657 | 15.5 | ||||||
| 3,382 | 27.6 | 1,216 | 8.7 | |||||||
| 3,941 | 6.0 | 1,854 | 14.0 | |||||||
| 2,793 | 5.3 | |||||||||
| 2,951 | 7.6 | |||||||||
| 89Zr | 89Y(p,n) | 78.4 | 897 | 22.7 | 909 | 99.9 | 1.0 | (4,18) | ||
| 124I‖ | 124Te(p,n) | 100.3 | 1,535 | 11.2 | 603 | 62.9 | 2.3 | (19,20) | ||
| 124Te(d,2n) | 2,138 | 11.2 | 723 | 10.1 | ||||||
| 125Te(p,2n) | 1,691 | 10.6 | ||||||||
↵* Half-life, main β+-energy keV and percentage; and main γ-energy keV and percentage as reported by International Commission on Radiological Protection (21) and the NuDat database (22).
↵† Only energies ≥5% are given.
↵‡ Maximum β+-energy.
↵§ Calculated according to Pagani et al. (11).
↵‖ Positron emitter with more than 50 γ-energies.