99mTc-AnxA5 (general) | γ, 140.5 keV | 6.02 h | Pro: 99mTc can be obtained easily at low cost by use of 99Mo/99mTc generators; excellent imaging properties |
| | | Con: difficult radiochemistry for technetium; biodistribution influenced by conjugation method |
99mTc-Imino-anxA5 | γ, 140.5 keV | 6.02 h | Pro: labeling can be performed easily |
| | | Con: RCP ≈ 80%; high uptake of radiopharmaceutical in liver, kidneys, and spleen; long biologic half-life |
99mTc-BTAP-anxA5 | γ, 140.5 keV | 6.02 h | Pro: RCP > 93%; short biologic half-life |
| | | Con: labeling method very laborious; high radioactivity uptake in liver, kidneys, spleen, and abdomen; low radiochemical yield |
99mTc-HYNIC-anxA5 | γ, 140.5 keV | 6.02 h | Pro: labeling method well established; prefabricated kit, so labeling can be performed easily |
| | | Con: high uptake of radiopharmaceutical in kidneys and liver; long biologic half-life |
99mTc-EC-anxA5 | γ, 140.5 keV | 6.02 h | Pro: prefabricated kit, so labeling can be performed easily |
| | | Con: to establish this method, more research is required |
94mTc-AnxA5 (general) | β+, 2.5 MeV | 53 min | Pro: easiest way to transform SPECT into PET; when HYNIC-anxA5 is used, labeling can be performed easily |
| | | Con: difficult radiochemistry for technetium; biodistribution influenced by conjugation method; expensive and difficult to obtain |
123I-AnxA5 | γ, 160 keV | 13 h | Pro: no uptake in liver and kidneys after 12 h; good imaging expected in abdominal region, compared to that with known 99mTc compounds; good radiochemical purity |
| | | Con: laborious labeling method; more expensive than 99mTc labeling |
124I-AnxA5 | β+, E = 1.53, 2.14 MeV, γ (complex decay under emission of several high-energy γ-photons) | 4.2 d | Pro: long-lived PET tracer; suitable for animal studies and studies in humans with terminal disease; labeled compound with long shelf-life (4 d without detectable deiodination); RCP > 95% |
| | | Con: high radiation burden and therefore less suitable for patient imaging; laborious labeling method |
125I-AnxA5 | EC, 35 keV | 60 d | Pro: long-lived isotope; very useful for research purposes to test iodine labeling techniques in animals; low radiation burden for research workers |
| | | Con: no imaging possibility |
111In-AnxA5 | γ, 173 keV, 247 keV (ratio of both energies is 1:1), electron capture gives x-ray energy of 23 keV | 2.8 d | Pro: longer-lived isotope; may be suitable for imaging of tumor response in patients |
| | | Con: difficult radiochemistry for indium; biodistribution influenced by conjugation method; biodistribution of pegylated In-conjugated anxA5 appears to be poor; rather high radiation burden in patients |
18F-AnxA5 | β+, 633 keV | 110 min | Pro: PET tracer with optimal half-life for imaging; promising agent for patient imaging |
| | | Con: more research is required to establish its use in patients; labeling method is not yet standardized |