Study | Year | Information analyzed | UPT patient characteristics | Study type | Results: primary tumor detection¶ | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n* [NC] | M/F† | Mean age ± SD (y) [range]‡ | UPT characteristics | Type I/II | Timing of 18F-FDG PET§ | Type A/B | Region studied‖ | ||||||||||
Rege et al. (5) | 1994 | Published article | 4 | 3/1 | 51.2 ± 2.06 [49–53] | Extracranial head and neck cancers from UPT | Type II | MRI | Type B | PET: base of cerebellum to larynx | PET: 2/4 | ||||||
MRI: 0/4 | |||||||||||||||||
Schipper et al. (11) | 1996 | MEDLINE abstract | 16 | NS | NS | Cervical lymph nodes from UPT | Type I | Negative CI | Type A | PET: WB | PET: 4/16 | ||||||
Kole et al. (16) | 1998 | Published article | 29 | 20/9 | 56.4 ± 11.59 [37–77] | UPT | Type I | Negative CI | Type A | PET: WB | PET: 7/29 | ||||||
Shinohara et al. (10) | 1999 | MEDLINE abstract | 4 | NS | NS | UPT | Type I | Negative CI | Type A | PET: WB | PET: 2/4 | ||||||
Hanasono et al. (13) | 1999 | Published article | 20 | NS | NS | SCC metastatic to cervical lymph nodes from UPT | Type II | PET+CT+MRI: 2 Pt PET+CT: 7 Pt PET+MRI: 9 Pt Only PET: 2 Pt | Type A | PET: WB | PET: 7/20 CT: 2/9 MRI: 4/11 | ||||||
Greven et al. (15) | 1999 | Published article | 13 | NS | NS | SCC metastatic to cervical lymph nodes from UPT | Type II | PET+CT: 8 Pt PET+MRI: 5 Pt DPB: 13 Pt | Type B | PET: midcranium down to midchest | PET: 1/13 CT: 0/13 MRI: 0/13 DPB: 0/13 | ||||||
Lassen et al. (8) | 1999 | Published article | 20 | 9/11 | 52.7 ± 14.25 [18–75] | UPT | Type I | Negative CI | Type A | PET: WB | PET: 9/20 | ||||||
Safa et al. (14) | 1999 | MEDLINE abstract | 14 | NS | NS | SCC metastatic to cervical lymph nodes from UPT | Type I | Negative CI | Type A | PET: WB | PET: 3/14 | ||||||
Gupta et al. (12) | 1999 | Published article | 31 | NS | 67 ± 14.00 [45–81] | Intracranial# metastatic disease | Type II | PET+CT: 22 Pt (double-blinded) | Type A | PET: WB | PET: 20/31 CT: 6/31 | ||||||
Aassar et al. (35) | 1999 | Published article | 17 | 13/2** | 58.6 ± 15.40 [39–87] | Cervical lymph nodes from UPT | Type II | CT or MRI | Type B | PET: skull base to thoracic inlet | PET: 9/17 CT or MRI: 5/17 | ||||||
Lonneux and Reffad (7) | 2000 | Published article | 24 | 15/9 | 59 ± 10.00 [35–79] | UPT | Type I | Negative CI | Type A | PET: WB | PET: 13/24 | ||||||
Trampal et al. (9) | 2000 | Congress abstract | 9 [3] | NS | NS | UPT | Type I | Negative CI | Type A | PET: WB | PET: 4/9 | ||||||
Bohuslavizki et al. (6) | 2000 | Published article | 52 [1] | 33/19 | 59.5 ± 10.04 [38–82] | UPT | Type I | Negative CI | Type A | PET: WB | PET: 20/52 | ||||||
Jungehülsing et al. (36) | 2000 | Published article | 27 | 22/5 | 60.1 ± 10.53 [36–74] | UPT | Type I | Negative CI | Type B | PET: head to diaphragm | PET: 7/27 | ||||||
Cheng et al. (34) | 2000 | Congress abstract | 18 | 16/2 | 61 [31–88] | Cervical lymph nodes from UPT | Type II | CT or MRI | Type B | PET: head to chest | PET: 9/18 CT or MRI: 2/18 |
↵* n = number of patients included in meta-analysis; NC = no. of patients with 18F-FDG PET results that were not confirmed and who were excluded from meta-analysis.
↵† Sex of patients included in meta-analysis.
↵‡ Mean age ± SD and range of age (in years) of patients included in meta-analysis.
↵§ Moment of management process in which 18F-FDG PET study was performed. Type I = 18F-FDG PET was performed when all diagnostic procedures carried out did not detect primary tumor; Type II = 18F-FDG PET was compared with CT or MRI in double-blinded study that included UPT patients with negative results in other tests.
↵‖ Region included in 18F-FDG PET study. Type A = whole-body 18F-FDG PET study was carried out; Type B = 18F-FDG PET study only included head-neck-thorax region (as shown in this column).
↵¶ Proportion of patients analyzed in study in whom primary tumor is correctly identified by 18F-FDG PET, CT, MRI, or other.
↵# Thirty-one patients with intracranial metastatic disease suspected with CT or MRI and confirmed in 22 of them (12).
↵** Two patients in whom 18F-FDG PET correctly detected lung cancer were included in meta-analysis, although they had not been included in original study as it focused on detection with 18F-FDG PET of head and neck primary tumors from UPT (35). Age and sex of both patients were not specified in article.
NS = not specified; CI = conventional imaging; WB = whole-body 18F-FDG PET; SCC = squamous cell carcinoma; Pt = patients; DPB = direct panendoscopy with biopsy.