Clinical Characteristics in 3 Groups
| Characteristic | Normal control subjects | MI patients | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Without β-blockers | With β-blockers | |||
| n | 12 | 24 | 9 | |
| Age (y) | 57.1 ± 13.7 | 60.8 ± 10.2 | 58.6 ± 7.4 | |
| Male/female | 9/3 | 20/4 | 7/2 | |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 66.1 ± 9.2 | 66.7 ± 8.1 | 56.0 ± 7.7*† | |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 126 ± 10.4 | 121 ± 13.1 | 124 ± 10.2 | |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 76.3 ± 7.1 | 71.0 ± 7.3 | 70.6 ± 9.4 | |
| Mean BP (mm Hg) | 92.8 ± 7.3 | 88.0 ± 7.8 | 88.3 ± 7.7 | |
| Heart rate · pressure product (mm Hg/min) | 8,311 ± 1,311 | 8,229 ± 1,503 | 6,911 ± 1,135‡§ | |
| LV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m2) | 61.6 ± 12.8 | 101 ± 22.5¶ | 91.9 ± 19.4¶ | |
| LV end-systolic volume index (mL/m2) | 17.3 ± 4.7 | 42.6 ± 18.7¶ | 38.3 ± 13.0¶ | |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 71.7 ± 6.0 | 58.9 ± 11.2¶ | 58.6 ± 9.9¶ | |
| LV end-diastolic pressure (mm Hg) | 16.7 ± 5.2 | 15.2 ± 3.9 | ||
| Anterior MI/inferior MI | 19/5 | 7/2 | ||
| PCI at admission (yes/no) | 14/10 | 5/4 | ||
↵* P < 0.05 vs. normal control subjects.
↵† P < 0.01 vs. without β-blockers.
↵‡ P < 0.01 vs. normal control subjects.
↵§ P < 0.05 vs. without β-blockers.
↵¶ P < 0.001 vs. normal control subjects.
MI = myocardial infarction; BP = blood pressure; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention.
Data represent mean ± SD.