TABLE 1.

Selected PET/SPECT Agents for CSC Imaging Developed in Last 5 Years

CSC BiomarkerImaging agentTargeting vectorTumor typeImaging modalityStage of developmentReference
CD133[64Cu]Cu-CM-2PeptideHepatocellular carcinomaPETPreclinical(20)
[89Zr]Zr-CD133AntibodySCLCPETPreclinical(17)
[89Zr]Zr-CD133AntibodyColorectalPETPreclinical(16)
[89Zr]Zr-DFO-RW03IgG and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-RW03scFv-FcAntibody, antibody fragmentColorectalPETPreclinical(19)
[89Zr]Zr-DFO-αCD133AntibodySCLCPETPreclinical(18)
CD44[89Zr]Zr-CS-GA-MLPsNanoparticleTriple-negative breast cancerPETPreclinical(21)
[89Zr]Zr-anti-CD44 (IM7)AntibodyColorectalPETPreclinical(22)
[89Zr]Zr-scFv-Fc-CD44 [64Cu]Cu-scFv-Fc-CD44Antibody fragmentTriple-negative breast cancerPETPreclinical(23)
[89Zr]Zr-anti-CD44v6 (U36)AntibodyHead-and-neck squamous cell carcinomaPETPreclinical(24)
CD166[111In]In-DTPA-CD166tp-G18CPeptideColorectalSPECTPreclinical(25)
EpCAM[89Zr]Zr-DFO-N-suc-muS110AntibodyMelanomaPETPreclinical(28)
[64Cu]Cu-DOTA-PEGylatedAptamerBreastPETPreclinical(26)
[99mTc]Tc-NB4NanobodyColorectalSPECTPreclinical(27)
ALDH[18F]F-4bSmall moleculeHealthy animalsPETPreclinical(29)
[18F]F-2Small moleculeOvarian cancerPETPreclinical(30)
CXCR4[18F]F-RPS-534 and [18F]F-RPS-547Small moleculeProstate cancerPETPreclinical(33)
[99mTc]Tc-CXCR4-LPeptideBrain tumorsSPECTClinical(34)
[99mTc]Tc-pentixatecPeptideHematologic malignanciesSPECTClinical(35)
[68Ga]Ga/[177Lu]Lu-EPI-X4PeptideLeukemiaPETPreclinical(38)
[68Ga]Ga-pentixatherPeptideMultiple myelomaPETClinical(39)
[18F]F-SFB-AMD3465Small moleculeBreast cancerPETPreclinical(40)
[68Ga]Ga-pentixaforPeptideVariousPETClinical(32)