RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Accuracy of 18F-fluorocholine PET for the detection of parathyroid adenomas: prospective single center study JF Journal of Nuclear Medicine JO J Nucl Med FD Society of Nuclear Medicine SP jnumed.120.256735 DO 10.2967/jnumed.120.256735 A1 Hope, Thomas A. A1 Graves, Claire E. A1 Calais, Jeremie A1 Ehman, Eric A1 Johnson, Geoffrey Bates A1 Thompson, Daniel A1 Aslam, Maya A1 Duh, Quan-Yang A1 Gosnell, Jessica A1 Shen, Wen A1 Roman, Sanziana A1 Sosa, Julie A. A1 Kluijfhout, Wouter A1 Seib, Carolyn S. A1 Villanueva-Meyer, Javier A1 Pampaloni, Miguel Hernandez A1 Suh, Insoo YR 2021 UL http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/early/2021/03/12/jnumed.120.256735.abstract AB Purpose: The purpose of this prospective study was to determine the correct localization rate (CLR) of 18F-fluorocholine (FCH) positron emission tomography (PET) for the detection of parathyroid adenomas in comparison to sestamibi imaging. Materials and Methods: This was a single-arm prospective trial. Ninety-eight patients with biochemical evidence of primary hyperparathyroidism were imaged prior to parathyroidectomy using FCH PET/MRI. Sestamibi imaging performed separately from the study was evaluated for comparison. The primary endpoint of the study was the CLR on a patient level. Each imaging study was interpreted by 3 blinded readers on a per-region basis. Lesions were validated by histopathologic analysis of surgical specimens. Results: Of the 98 patients who underwent FCH imaging, 77 subsequently underwent parathyroidectomy and 60 of those had sestamibi imaging. The CLR for FCH in patients who underwent parathyroidectomy based on the blinded reader consensus was 75% [0.63, 0.82]. In patients who underwent surgery and had an available sestamibi study, the CLR increased from 17% [0.10, 0.27] for sestamibi to 70% [0.59, 0.79] for FCH PET. Conclusion: In this prospective study using blinded readers, the CLR for FCH was 75%. In patients with paired sestamibi, the use of FCH PET increased the CLR from 17% to 70%. FCH PET is a superior imaging modality for the localization of parathyroid adenomas.