RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT Radiomics Predict Local Recurrence in Patients Treated with Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Early-Stage Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicentric Study JF Journal of Nuclear Medicine JO J Nucl Med FD Society of Nuclear Medicine SP 814 OP 820 DO 10.2967/jnumed.119.228106 VO 61 IS 6 A1 Gurvan Dissaux A1 Dimitris Visvikis A1 Ronrick Da-ano A1 Olivier Pradier A1 Enrique Chajon A1 Isabelle Barillot A1 Loig Duvergé A1 Ingrid Masson A1 Ronan Abgral A1 Maria-Joao Santiago Ribeiro A1 Anne Devillers A1 Amandine Pallardy A1 Vincent Fleury A1 Marc-André Mahé A1 Renaud De Crevoisier A1 Mathieu Hatt A1 Ulrike Schick YR 2020 UL http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/61/6/814.abstract AB The aim of this retrospective multicentric study was to develop and evaluate a prognostic 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomic signature in early-stage non–small cell lung cancer patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Methods: Patients from 3 different centers (n = 27, 29, and 8) were pooled to constitute the training set, whereas the patients from a fourth center (n = 23) were used as the testing set. The primary endpoint was local control. The primary tumor was semiautomatically delineated in the PET images using the fuzzy locally adaptive Bayesian algorithm, and manually in the low-dose CT images. In total, 184 Image Biomarkers Standardization Initiative–compliant radiomic features were extracted. Seven clinical and treatment parameters were included. We used ComBat to harmonize radiomic features extracted from the 4 institutions relying on different PET/CT scanners. In the training set, variables found significant in the univariate analysis were fed into a multivariate regression model, and models were built by combining independent prognostic factors. Results: Median follow-up was 21.1 mo (range, 1.7–63.4 mo) and 25.5 mo (range, 7.7–57.8 mo) in training and testing sets, respectively. In univariate analysis, none of the clinical variables, 2 PET features, and 2 CT features were significantly predictive of local control. The best predictive models in the training set were obtained by combining one feature from PET (Information Correlation 2) and one feature from CT (flatness), reaching a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 96%. Another model combining 2 PET features (Information Correlation 2 and strength) reached sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 88%, both with an undefined hazard ratio (P < 0.001). The latter model obtained an accuracy of 0.91 (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 81%), with a hazard ratio undefined (P = 0.023) in the testing set; however, other models relying on CT radiomic features only or the combination of PET and CT features failed to validate in the testing set. Conclusion: We showed that 2 radiomic features derived from 18F-FDG PET were independently associated with local control in patients with non–small cell lung cancer undergoing SBRT and could be combined in an accurate predictive model. This model could provide local relapse-related information and could be helpful in clinical decision making.