RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Autoimmune Encephalitis Concomitant with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Insight from 18F-FDG PET Imaging and Neuronal Autoantibodies JF Journal of Nuclear Medicine JO J Nucl Med FD Society of Nuclear Medicine SP 1726 OP 1729 DO 10.2967/jnumed.120.249292 VO 61 IS 12 A1 Grimaldi, Stephan A1 Lagarde, Stanislas A1 Harlé, Jean-Robert A1 Boucraut, José A1 Guedj, Eric YR 2020 UL http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/61/12/1726.abstract AB We report the case of a 72-y-old man with concomitant autoimmune encephalitis and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The patient presented with subacute cerebellar syndrome and myoclonus several days after general infectious symptoms began. Methods: Clinical examination, CT, PET, MRI, and autoantibody testing were performed. Results: The oropharyngeal swab test was positive for SARS-CoV-2. The brain MRI results were normal. Cerebrospinal fluid testing showed normal cell counts, a negative result on reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction testing, and no oligoclonal banding. Brain 18F-FDG PET showed diffuse cortical hypometabolism associated with putaminal and cerebellum hypermetabolism, compatible with encephalitis and especially cerebellitis. The immunologic study revealed high titers of IgG autoantibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid directed against the nuclei of Purkinje cells, striatal neurons, and hippocampal neurons. Whole-body 18F-FDG PET and CT scans did not show neoplasia. Treatment with steroids allowed a rapid improvement in symptoms. Conclusion: This clinical case argues for a possible relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and autoimmune encephalitis and for the use of 18F-FDG PET in such a context.