PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Gruber, Leonhard AU - Jiménez-Franco, Luis David AU - Decristoforo, Clemens AU - Uprimny, Christian AU - Glatting, Gerhard AU - Hohenberger, Peter AU - Schoenberg, Stefan O. AU - Reindl, Wolfgang AU - Orlandi, Francesca AU - Mariani, Maurizio AU - Jaschke, Werner AU - Virgolini, Irene TI - MITIGATE-NeoBOMB1, a Phase I/IIa Study to Evaluate Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Imaging of <sup>68</sup>Ga-NeoBOMB1, a Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Antagonist, in GIST Patients AID - 10.2967/jnumed.119.238808 DP - 2020 Dec 01 TA - Journal of Nuclear Medicine PG - 1749--1755 VI - 61 IP - 12 4099 - http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/61/12/1749.short 4100 - http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/61/12/1749.full SO - J Nucl Med2020 Dec 01; 61 AB - Gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPRs) are potential molecular imaging targets in a variety of tumors. Recently, a 68Ga-labeled antagonist to GRPRs, NeoBOMB1, was developed for PET. We report on the outcome of a phase I/IIa clinical trial (EudraCT 2016-002053-38) within the EU-FP7 project Closed-loop Molecular Environment for Minimally Invasive Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (‘MITIGATE’) (grant agreement no. 602306) in patients with oligometastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Methods: The main objectives were evaluation of safety, biodistribution, dosimetry, and preliminary tumor targeting of 68Ga-NeoBOMB1 in patients with advanced tyrosine-kinase inhibitors–treated GIST using PET/CT. Six patients with histologically confirmed GIST and unresectable primary lesion or metastases undergoing an extended protocol for detailed pharmacokinetic analysis were included. 68Ga-NeoBOMB1 was prepared using a kit procedure with a licensed 68Ge/68Ga generator. 68Ga-NeoBOMB1 (3 MBq/kg of body weight) was injected intravenously, and safety parameters were assessed. PET/CT included dynamic imaging at 5, 11, and 19 min as well as static imaging at 1, 2, and 3–4 h after injection for dosimetry calculations. Venous blood samples and urine were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis. Tumor targeting was assessed on a per-lesion and per-patient basis. Results: 68Ga-NeoBOMB1 (50 μg) was prepared with high radiochemical purity (yield &gt; 97%). Patients received 174 ± 28 MBq of the radiotracer, which was well tolerated in all patients over a follow-up period of 4 wk. Dosimetry calculations revealed a mean effective dose of 0.029 ± 0.06 mSv/MBq, with the highest organ dose to the pancreas (0.274 ± 0.099 mSv/MBq). Mean plasma half-life was 27.3 min with primarily renal clearance (mean 25.7% ± 5.4% of injected dose 4 h after injection). Plasma metabolite analyses revealed high stability; metabolites were detected only in the urine. In 3 patients, a significant uptake with increasing maximum SUVs (SUVmax at 2 h after injection: 4.3–25.9) over time was found in tumor lesions. Conclusion: This phase I/IIa study provides safety data for 68Ga-NeoBOMB1, a promising radiopharmaceutical for targeting GRPR-expressing tumors. Safety profiles and pharmacokinetics are suitable for PET imaging, and absorbed dose estimates are comparable to those of other 68Ga-labeled radiopharmaceuticals used in clinical routine.