RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 A Clinical Feasibility Study To Image Angiogenesis in Patients With Arteriovenous Malformations Using 68Ga-RGD PET/CT. JF Journal of Nuclear Medicine JO J Nucl Med FD Society of Nuclear Medicine SP jnumed.119.231167 DO 10.2967/jnumed.119.231167 A1 Daphne Lobeek A1 Frédérique C.M. Bouwman A1 Erik H.J.G. Aarntzen A1 Janneke D.M. Molkenboer-Kuenen A1 Uta E. Flucke A1 Ha-Long Nguyen A1 Miikka Vikkula A1 Laurence M. Boon A1 Willemijn Klein A1 Peter Laverman A1 Wim J.G. Oyen A1 Otto C. Boerman A1 Samantha Y.A. Terry A1 Leo J. SchultzeKool A1 Mark Rijpkema YR 2019 UL http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/early/2019/09/12/jnumed.119.231167.abstract AB Objective: Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) have an inherent capacity to form new blood vessels resulting in excessive lesion growth and this is further triggered by the release of angiogenic factors. Gallium-68 (68Ga) labeled arginine-glycine-aspartate tripeptide sequence (RGD) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging (68Ga-RGD PET/CT) may provide insight in the angiogenic and hemodynamic status and treatment response of AVMs. This clinical feasibility study demonstrates that 68Ga-RGD PET/CT imaging can be used to quantitatively assess angiogenesis in peripheral AVMs. Methods: Ten patients with a peripheral AVM (mean age 40 years, four men, six women) and scheduled for endovascular embolization treatment, were prospectively included. All patients underwent 68Ga-RGD PET/CT imaging 60 min after injection (mean dose 207±5 MBq). Radiotracer uptake in AVM, blood-pool, and muscle activity were quantified as Standardized Uptake Values (SUVmax, SUVpeak) and descriptive analysis of the PET/CT images was performed. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis was performed on surgical biopsy material of peripheral AVMs to investigate the expression pattern of integrin αvβ3 integrin. Results: 68Ga-RGD PET/CT imaging showed enhanced radiotracer uptake in all AVM lesions (mean SUVmax 3.0±1.1; mean SUVpeak 2.2±0.9). Lesion/blood and lesion/muscle ratios were 3.5±2.2 and 4.6±2.8, respectively. Radiotracer uptake in AVMs was significantly higher compared to uptake in background tissue (p=0.0006 and p=0.0014) for blood and muscle, respectively. Initial observations include identification of radiotracer uptake in (multifocal) AVM lesions and enhanced radiotracer uptake in intra-osseous components in those AVM cases affecting the bone integrity. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed cytoplasmatic and cell membranous integrin αvβ3 integrin expression in endothelial cells of AVMs. Conclusion: This feasibility study showed increased radiotracer uptake in AVM with angiogenic activity compared to surrounding tissue without angiogenic activity, suggesting that 68Ga-RGD PET/CT imaging can be used as a tool to quantitatively determine angiogenesis in AVM. Further studies will be conducted to explore the potential of 68Ga-RGD PET/CT imaging for guiding current treatment decisions and for assessment of response to anti-angiogenic treatment.