RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Exploratory Clinical Investigation of (4S)-4-(3-18F-Fluoropropyl)-L-Glutamate Positron Emission Tomography of Inflammatory and Infectious Lesions JF Journal of Nuclear Medicine JO J Nucl Med FD Society of Nuclear Medicine SP jnumed.115.164020 DO 10.2967/jnumed.115.164020 A1 Sun Young Chae A1 Chang-Min Choi A1 Tae Sun Shim A1 Yangsoon Park A1 Chan-Sik Park A1 Hyo Sang Lee A1 Sang Ju Lee A1 Seung Jun Oh A1 Seog-Young Kim A1 Sora Baek A1 Norman Koglin A1 Andrew W. Stephens A1 Ludger M. Dinkelborg A1 Dae Hyuk Moon YR 2015 UL http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/early/2015/10/14/jnumed.115.164020.abstract AB We explored system xCˉ transporter activity and the dection of inflammatory/infectious lesions using (4S)-4-(3-18F-fluoropropyl)-L-glutamate (18F-FSPG) positron emission tomography (PET). Methods: In ten patients with various inflammatory/infectious diseases, as many as five of the largest inflammatory lesions were selected as reference lesions. 18F-FSPG images were assessed visually and quantitatively. Expression levels of xCT, CD44, and surface markers of inflammatory cells were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results: 18F-FSPG PET detected all reference lesions. 18F-FSPG uptake in sarcoidosis was significantly higher than that in non-sarcoidosis. The lesion-to-blood pool standardized uptake value (SUV) ratio of 18F-FSPG was comparable to that of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in sarcoidosis. In non-sarcoid lesions, however, it was significantly lower. In five with available tissue samples, the maximal SUV of 18F-FSPG and CD163 were negatively correlated ρ = -0.872, P = 0.054). Conclusion: 18-FSPG-PET may detect inflammatory lesions where activated macrophages/monocytes are present such as in sarcoidosis.