@article {Marner1053, author = {Lisbeth Marner and Karsten Nysom and Astrid Sehested and Lise Borgwardt and Ren{\'e} Mathiasen and Otto M{\o}lby Henriksen and Michael Lundemann and Per Munck af Rosensch{\"o}ld and Carsten Thomsen and Lars B{\o}geskov and Jane Skj{\o}th-Rasmussen and Marianne Juhler and Anders Kruse and Helle Broholm and David Scheie and Torsten Lauritsen and Julie Lyng Forman and Peder Skov Wehner and Liselotte H{\o}jgaard and Ian Law}, title = {Early Postoperative 18F-FET PET/MRI for Pediatric Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors}, volume = {60}, number = {8}, pages = {1053--1058}, year = {2019}, doi = {10.2967/jnumed.118.220293}, publisher = {Society of Nuclear Medicine}, abstract = {Complete resection is the treatment of choice for most pediatric brain tumors, but early postoperative MRI for detection of residual tumor may be misleading because of MRI signal changes caused by the operation. PET imaging with amino acid tracers in adults increases the diagnostic accuracy for brain tumors, but the literature in pediatric neurooncology is limited. A hybrid PET/MRI system is highly beneficial in children, reducing the number of scanning procedures, and this is to our knowledge the first larger study using PET/MRI in pediatric neurooncology. We evaluated if additional postoperative 18F-fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine (18F-FET) PET in children and adolescents would improve diagnostic accuracy for the detection of residual tumor as compared with MRI alone and would assist clinical management. Methods: Twenty-two patients (7 male; mean age, 9.5 y; range, 0{\textendash}19 y) were included prospectively and consecutively in the study and had 27 early postoperative 18F-FET PET exams performed preferentially in a hybrid PET/MRI system (NCT03402425). Results: Using follow-up (93\%) or reoperation (7\%) as the reference standard, PET combined with MRI discriminated tumor from treatment effects with a lesion-based sensitivity/specificity/accuracy (95\% confidence intervals) of 0.73 (0.50{\textendash}1.00)/1.00 (0.74{\textendash}1.00)/0.87 (0.73{\textendash}1.00) compared with MRI alone: 0.80 (0.57{\textendash}1.00)/0.75 (0.53{\textendash}0.94)/0.77 (0.65{\textendash}0.90); that is, the specificity for PET/MRI was 1.00 as compared with 0.75 for MRI alone (P = 0.13). In 11 of 27 cases (41\%), results from the 18F-FET PET scans added relevant clinical information, including one scan that directly influenced clinical management because an additional residual tumor site was identified. 18F-FET uptake in reactive changes was frequent (52\%), but correct interpretation was possible in all cases. Conclusion: The high specificity for detecting residual tumor suggests that supplementary 18F-FET PET is relevant in cases where reoperation for residual tumor is considered.}, issn = {0161-5505}, URL = {https://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/60/8/1053}, eprint = {https://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/60/8/1053.full.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Nuclear Medicine} }