TY - JOUR T1 - Total-Body Dynamic Reconstruction and Parametric Imaging on the uEXPLORER JF - Journal of Nuclear Medicine JO - J Nucl Med SP - 285 LP - 291 DO - 10.2967/jnumed.119.230565 VL - 61 IS - 2 AU - Xuezhu Zhang AU - Zhaoheng Xie AU - Eric Berg AU - Martin S. Judenhofer AU - Weiping Liu AU - Tianyi Xu AU - Yu Ding AU - Yang Lv AU - Yun Dong AU - Zilin Deng AU - Songsong Tang AU - Hongcheng Shi AU - Pengcheng Hu AU - Shuguang Chen AU - Jun Bao AU - Hongdi Li AU - Jian Zhou AU - Guobao Wang AU - Simon R. Cherry AU - Ramsey D. Badawi AU - Jinyi Qi Y1 - 2020/02/01 UR - http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/61/2/285.abstract N2 - The world’s first 194-cm-long total-body PET/CT scanner (uEXPLORER) has been built by the EXPLORER Consortium to offer a transformative platform for human molecular imaging in clinical research and health care. Its total-body coverage and ultra-high sensitivity provide opportunities for more accurate tracer kinetic analysis in studies of physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the capability of total-body parametric imaging and to quantify the improvement in image quality and kinetic parameter estimation by direct and kernel reconstruction of the uEXPLORER data. Methods: We developed quantitative parametric image reconstruction methods for kinetic analysis and used them to analyze the first human dynamic total-body PET study. A healthy female subject was recruited, and a 1-h dynamic scan was acquired during and after an intravenous injection of 256 MBq of 18F-FDG. Dynamic data were reconstructed using a 3-dimensional time-of-flight list-mode ordered-subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithm and a kernel-based algorithm with all quantitative corrections implemented in the forward model. The Patlak graphical model was used to analyze the 18F-FDG kinetics in the whole body. The input function was extracted from a region over the descending aorta. For comparison, indirect Patlak analysis from reconstructed frames and direct reconstruction of parametric images from the list-mode data were obtained for the last 30 min of data. Results: Images reconstructed by OSEM showed good quality with low noise, even for the 1-s frames. The image quality was further improved using the kernel method. Total-body Patlak parametric images were obtained using either indirect estimation or direct reconstruction. The direct reconstruction method improved the parametric image quality, having a better contrast-versus-noise tradeoff than the indirect method, with a 2- to 3-fold variance reduction. The kernel-based indirect Patlak method offered image quality similar to the direct Patlak method, with less computation time and faster convergence. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the capability of total-body parametric imaging using the uEXPLORER. Furthermore, the results showed the benefits of kernel-regularized reconstruction and direct parametric reconstruction. Both can achieve superior image quality for tracer kinetic studies compared with the conventional indirect OSEM for total-body imaging. ER -