RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Early Experience of Rechallenge 177Lu-PSMA Radioligand Therapy After an Initial Good Response in Patients with Advanced Prostate Cancer JF Journal of Nuclear Medicine JO J Nucl Med FD Society of Nuclear Medicine SP 644 OP 648 DO 10.2967/jnumed.118.215715 VO 60 IS 5 A1 Gafita, Andrei A1 Rauscher, Isabel A1 Retz, Margitta A1 Knorr, Karina A1 Heck, Matthias A1 Wester, Hans-Jürgen A1 D’Alessandria, Calogero A1 Weber, Wolfgang A. A1 Eiber, Matthias A1 Tauber, Robert YR 2019 UL http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/60/5/644.abstract AB Our aim was to retrospectively evaluate the feasibility of rechallenge 177Lu-prostate-specific membrane antigen (177Lu-PSMA) radioligand therapy. Methods: Rechallenge radioligand therapy was defined as subsequent treatment with 177Lu-PSMA after initial exposure with an excellent response followed by progression. Biochemical, radiographic, clinical antitumor response, and adverse events were analyzed. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were calculated. Results: Eight patients underwent a median of 2 (range: 1–4) cycles of rechallenge with 177Lu-PSMA for imaging and therapy. A maximum PSA decrease of 50% was achieved in 3 patients (37.5%). Radiographic response was favorable in 3 patients, whereas 4 exhibited progressive disease. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was stable during therapy in all patients. No grade 4 toxicity was noticed, and grade 3 toxicity occurred in 3 patients (37.5%). The median PSA-PFS and overall survival were 3.2 mo (95% confidence interval, 2.6–3.7 mo) and 14.0 mo (95% confidence interval, 6.2–21.8 mo), respectively. Conclusion: In a small patient cohort with an initial excellent response, 177Lu-PSMA rechallenge is still active, with lower efficacy and higher toxicity.