RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 The Variability of Translocator Protein Signal in Brain and Blood of Genotyped Healthy Humans Using In Vivo 123I-CLINDE SPECT Imaging: A Test–Retest Study JF Journal of Nuclear Medicine JO J Nucl Med FD Society of Nuclear Medicine SP 989 OP 995 DO 10.2967/jnumed.116.183202 VO 58 IS 6 A1 Ling Feng A1 Per Jensen A1 Gerda Thomsen A1 Agnete Dyssegaard A1 Claus Svarer A1 Lars V. Knudsen A1 Kirsten Møller A1 Carsten Thomsen A1 Jens D. Mikkelsen A1 Denis Guilloteau A1 Gitte M. Knudsen A1 Lars H. Pinborg YR 2017 UL http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/58/6/989.abstract AB 123I-CLINDE is a radiotracer developed for SPECT and targets the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO). TSPO is upregulated in glial cells and used as a measure of neuroinflammation in a variety of central nervous system diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the test–retest variability of 123I-CLINDE binding in healthy subjects. Methods: SPECT scans were acquired over 90 min in 16 healthy controls (9 women, 8 mixed-affinity binders [MABs] and 8 high-affinity binders [HABs] twice with an interval of 35 ± 15 d). Arterial input functions were based on individual blood measurements in 8 subjects and a population-based approach in combination with individual whole-blood time–activity curves in the other 8 subjects. Seven brain volumes of interest were extracted and quantified by SUVs and by 2-tissue-compartment modeling for calculation of distribution volumes (VT). Test–retest variability was measured by percentage difference (PD), the absolute PD, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and coefficient of variation. Results: The absolute PD of brain SUV and the VT had similar values. The ICC values were higher for VTs than for brain SUVs, which were both moderate to high; however, lower ICC values were observed when calculated separately for HABs and MABs. Test–retest reproducibility was higher in subjects with immediate centrifugation of blood samples. The population-based method efficiently recovered data with delayed centrifugation. The VT of a 49-y-old male HAB was 7.5 ± 1.4 mL/cm3 compared with 4.6 ± 1.4 mL/cm3 of a sex- and age-matched MAB. The SUVs of a 49-y-old male HAB and MAB were 1.03 ± 0.14 and 0.88 ± 0.15 g/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The test–retest reproducibility of 123I-CLINDE is comparable or better than that reported for commonly used PET TSPO tracers. Because of the binding of 123I-CLINDE to blood cells and peripheral tissues, SUV is not a sufficient surrogate of VT from 2-tissue-compartment modeling. The population-adjusted method has the potential to reduce the complexity of blood analyses of TSPO tracers.