TY - JOUR T1 - In Vivo Evaluation of <sup>11</sup>C-Preladenant for PET Imaging of Adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> Receptors in the Conscious Monkey JF - Journal of Nuclear Medicine JO - J Nucl Med SP - 762 LP - 767 DO - 10.2967/jnumed.116.182410 VL - 58 IS - 5 AU - Xiaoyun Zhou AU - Ronald Boellaard AU - Kiichi Ishiwata AU - Muneyuki Sakata AU - Rudi A.J.O. Dierckx AU - Johan R. de Jong AU - Shingo Nishiyama AU - Hiroyuki Ohba AU - Hideo Tsukada AU - Erik F.J. de Vries AU - Philip H. Elsinga Y1 - 2017/05/01 UR - http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/58/5/762.abstract N2 - 11C-preladenant was developed as a novel PET ligand for the adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs). The present study aimed to evaluate the suitability of 11C-preladenant PET for the quantification of striatal A2ARs and the assessment of A2AR occupancy in the conscious monkey brain. Methods: 11C-preladenant was intravenously injected into conscious monkeys (n = 4, 18 PET scans), and a 91-min dynamic scan was started. Arterial blood samples in combination with metabolite analysis were obtained during the scan to provide the input function for kinetic modeling. The distribution volume (VT) was obtained by kinetic modeling with a 2-tissue-compartment model. The simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) with selected reference regions (cerebellum, cingulate, parietal cortex, and occipital cortex) was tested to estimate the binding potential (BPND) in A2AR-rich regions. BPND obtained from the SRTM was compared with distribution volume ratio (DVR)-1. The effects of blood volume, blood delay, and scan duration on BPND and DVR-1 were investigated. VT and BPND were also obtained after preblocking with unlabeled preladenant (1 mg/kg), A2AR-selective KW-6002 (0.5–1 mg/kg), and nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist caffeine (2.5–10 mg/kg). A2AR occupancy was studied with caffeine blockade. Results: Regional uptake of 11C-preladenant was consistent with the distribution of A2ARs in the monkey brain, with the highest uptake in the putamen, followed by the caudate, and the lowest uptake in the cerebellum. Tracer kinetics were well described by the 2-tissue-compartment model with a lower constraint on k4 to stabilize fits. The highest VT was observed in A2AR-rich regions (∼5.8–7.4) and lowest value in the cerebellum (∼1.3). BPND values estimated from the SRTM with different scan durations were comparable and were in agreement with DVR-1 (∼4.3–5.3 in A2AR-rich regions). Preladenant preinjection decreased the tracer uptake in A2AR-rich regions to the level of the reference regions. Caffeine pretreatment reduced the tracer uptake in the striatum in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: 11C-preladenant PET is suitable for noninvasive quantification of A2ARs and assessment of A2AR occupancy in A2AR-rich regions in the monkey brain. SRTM using the cerebellum as the reference tissue is the applicable model for A2AR quantification. ER -