RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Evaluation of Spleen Glucose Metabolism Using 18F-FDG PET/CT in Patients with Febrile Autoimmune Disease JF Journal of Nuclear Medicine JO J Nucl Med FD Society of Nuclear Medicine SP 507 OP 513 DO 10.2967/jnumed.116.180729 VO 58 IS 3 A1 Sung Soo Ahn A1 Sang Hyun Hwang A1 Seung Min Jung A1 Sang-Won Lee A1 Yong-Beom Park A1 Mijin Yun A1 Jason Jungsik Song YR 2017 UL http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/58/3/507.abstract AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of 18F-FDG uptake by the spleen in patients with autoimmune disease. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed Severance Hospital’s electronic medical records of patients hospitalized for the evaluation of fever who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT. We found 91 patients with autoimmune diseases and 101 patients with localized infection. 18F-FDG uptake was assessed by measuring SUV in the spleen and liver. The spleen-to-liver ratio of the SUVmean (SLRmean) was calculated. Clinical and laboratory parameters were collected and evaluated for association with SLRmean. In-hospital mortality was defined as all-cause mortality during hospital admission for fever. Results: SLRmean was significantly higher in autoimmune disease than in localized infectious disease (1.28 ± 0.43 vs. 0.91 ± 0.21, P < 0.001). In autoimmune disease, SLRmean was correlated with monocytes, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, albumin, and ferritin. Analysis of receiver-operating-characteristic curves revealed that in comparison with laboratory parameters, SLRmean had the highest performance in differentiating autoimmune from localized infectious disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that high SLRmean and low platelets were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality in febrile autoimmune disease. Conclusion: These findings suggest that spleen glucose metabolism is increased in febrile autoimmune disease. Spleen 18F-FDG uptake may provide information useful in differentiating febrile autoimmune disease from localized infectious disease and predicting clinical outcomes in febrile autoimmune disease.