RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Repeatability of Quantitative 18F-NaF PET: A Multicenter Study JF Journal of Nuclear Medicine JO J Nucl Med FD Society of Nuclear Medicine SP 1872 OP 1879 DO 10.2967/jnumed.116.177295 VO 57 IS 12 A1 Christie Lin A1 Tyler Bradshaw A1 Timothy Perk A1 Stephanie Harmon A1 Jens Eickhoff A1 Ngoneh Jallow A1 Peter L. Choyke A1 William L. Dahut A1 Steven Larson A1 John Laurence Humm A1 Scott Perlman A1 Andrea B. Apolo A1 Michael J. Morris A1 Glenn Liu A1 Robert Jeraj YR 2016 UL http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/57/12/1872.abstract AB 18F-NaF, a PET radiotracer of bone turnover, has shown potential as an imaging biomarker for assessing the response of bone metastases to therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the repeatability of 18F-NaF PET–derived SUV imaging metrics in individual bone lesions from patients in a multicenter study. Methods: Thirty-five castration-resistant prostate cancer patients with multiple metastases underwent 2 whole-body (test–retest) 18F-NaF PET/CT scans 3 ± 2 d apart from 1 of 3 imaging sites. A total of 411 bone lesions larger than 1.5 cm3 were automatically segmented using an SUV threshold of 15 g/mL. Two levels of analysis were performed: lesion-level, in which measures were extracted from individual-lesion regions of interest (ROI), and patient-level, in which all lesions within a patient were grouped into a patient ROI for analysis. Uptake was quantified with SUVmax, SUVmean, and SUVtotal. Test–retest repeatability was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation, critical percentage difference, and repeatability coefficient. The 95% limit of agreement (LOA) of the ratio between test and retest measurements was calculated. Results: At the lesion level, the coefficient of variation for SUVmax, SUVmean, and SUVtotal was 14.1%, 6.6%, and 25.5%, respectively. At the patient level, it was slightly smaller: 12.0%, 5.3%, and 18.5%, respectively. ICC was excellent (>0.95) for all SUV metrics. Lesion-level 95% LOA for SUVmax, SUVmean, and SUVtotal was (0.76, 1.32), (0.88, 1.14), and (0.63, 1.71), respectively. Patient-level 95% LOA was slightly narrower, at (0.79, 1.26), (0.89, 1.10), and (0.70, 1.44), respectively. We observed significant differences in the variance and sample mean of lesion-level and patient-level measurements between imaging sites. Conclusion: The repeatability of SUVmax, SUVmean, and SUVtotal for 18F-NaF PET/CT was similar between lesion- and patient-level ROIs. We found significant differences in lesion-level and patient-level distributions between sites. These results can be used to establish 18F-NaF PET–based criteria for assessing treatment response at the lesion and patient levels. 18F-NaF PET demonstrates repeatability levels useful for clinically quantifying the response of bone lesions to therapy.