TY - JOUR T1 - Near-Infrared Diffuse Optical Imaging for Early Prediction of Breast Cancer Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Comparative Study Using <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT JF - Journal of Nuclear Medicine JO - J Nucl Med SP - 1189 LP - 1195 DO - 10.2967/jnumed.115.167320 VL - 57 IS - 8 AU - Shigeto Ueda AU - Nobuko Yoshizawa AU - Takashi Shigekawa AU - Hideki Takeuchi AU - Hiroyuki Ogura AU - Akihiko Osaki AU - Toshiaki Saeki AU - Yukio Ueda AU - Tomohiko Yamane AU - Ichiei Kuji AU - Harumi Sakahara Y1 - 2016/08/01 UR - http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/57/8/1189.abstract N2 - Diffuse optical spectroscopic imaging (DOSI) is used as an indicator of tumor blood volume quantified by tissue hemoglobin concentrations. We aimed to determine whether early changes in tumor total hemoglobin (tHb) concentration can predict a pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with operable breast cancer, and we compared the predictive value of pCR between DOSI and 18F-FDG PET combined with CT. Methods: Of the 100 patients enrolled, 84 patients were prospectively evaluated for primary objective analysis. Sixty-four of the patients underwent both sequential DOSI scans at baseline after their first and second chemotherapy courses and 18F-FDG PET/CT at baseline and after their second chemotherapy course. The mean tHb (tHbmean) concentration and SUVmax of the lesion were measured using DOSI and 18F-FDG PET/CT, respectively, and the percentage change in tHbmean (∆tHbmean) and change in SUVmax (∆SUVmax) were calculated. We compared the diagnostic performances of DOSI and 18F-FDG PET/CT for predicting pCR via the analysis of the receiver-operating-characteristic curves. Results: pCR was achieved in 16 patients, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy caused a significant reduction of ∆tHbmean in pCR compared with non-pCR after the 2 chemotherapy courses. When the tentative ∆tHbmean cutoff values after the first and second courses were used, the ability to predict pCR was as follows: 81.2% sensitivity/47.0% specificity and 93.7% sensitivity/47.7% specificity, respectively. Comparison of the diagnostic performances of DOSI and 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed areas under the curve of 0.69 and 0.75 of ∆tHbmean after the first and second courses, respectively, which were lower than those of ∆SUVmax (0.90). Conclusion: DOSI predicted pCR in patients with breast cancer with moderate accuracy. The diagnostic performance of DOSI was inferior to that of the early metabolic response as monitored by 18F-FDG PET/CT. ER -