TY - JOUR T1 - Toward (Hybrid) Navigation of a Fluorescence Camera in an Open Surgery Setting JF - Journal of Nuclear Medicine JO - J Nucl Med SP - 1650 LP - 1653 DO - 10.2967/jnumed.115.171645 VL - 57 IS - 10 AU - Gijs H. KleinJan AU - Nynke S. van den Berg AU - Matthias N. van Oosterom AU - Thomas Wendler AU - Mitsuharu Miwa AU - Axel Bex AU - Kees Hendricksen AU - Simon Horenblas AU - Fijs W.B. van Leeuwen Y1 - 2016/10/01 UR - http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/57/10/1650.abstract N2 - With the introduction of the hybrid tracer indocyanine green (ICG)-99mTc-nanocolloid, a direct relation between preoperative imaging and intraoperative fluorescence guidance was established. However, fluorescence guidance remains limited by its superficial nature. This study evaluated the feasibility of a nuclear medicine–based navigation concept that allowed intraoperative positioning of a fluorescence camera (FC) in the vicinity of preoperatively defined ICG-99mTc-nanocolloid containing sentinel nodes (SNs). Methods: Five patients with penile cancer scheduled for SN biopsy were injected with ICG-99mTc-nanocolloid followed by preoperative SPECT/CT imaging. The navigation device was used to provide a real-time augmented reality overlay of the SPECT/CT images and video output of the FC. This overlay was then used for FC navigation. Results: SPECT/CT identified 13 SNs in 9 groins. FC navigation was successful for all 12 intraoperatively evaluated SNs (average error, 8.8 mm; range, 0–20 mm). Conclusion: This study reveals the potential benefits of FC navigation during open surgery procedures. ER -