@article {Rubeaux54, author = {Mathieu Rubeaux and Nikhil V. Joshi and Marc R. Dweck and Alison Fletcher and Manish Motwani and Louise E. Thomson and Guido Germano and Damini Dey and Debiao Li and Daniel S. Berman and David E. Newby and Piotr J. Slomka}, title = {Motion Correction of 18F-NaF PET for Imaging Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaques}, volume = {57}, number = {1}, pages = {54--59}, year = {2016}, doi = {10.2967/jnumed.115.162990}, publisher = {Society of Nuclear Medicine}, abstract = {Ruptured coronary atherosclerotic plaques commonly cause acute myocardial infarction. It has recently been shown that active microcalcification in the coronary arteries, one of the features that characterizes vulnerable plaques at risk of rupture, can be imaged using 18F-NaF PET. We aimed to determine whether a motion correction technique applied to gated 18F-NaF PET images could enhance image quality and improve uptake estimates. Methods: Seventeen patients with myocardial infarction (n = 7) or stable angina (n = 10) underwent 18F-NaF PET and prospective coronary CT angiography. PET data were reconstructed in 4 different ways: the first was 1 gated bin (end-diastolic phase with 25\% of the counts), the second was 4 gated bins (consecutive 25\% segments), the third was 10 gated bins (consecutive 10\% segments), and the fourth was ungated. Subsequently, with data from either 4 or 10 bins, gated PET images were registered using a local, nonlinear motion correction method guided by the extracted coronary arteries from CT angiography. Global noise levels and target-to-background ratios (TBR) defined on manually delineated coronary plaque lesions were compared to assess image quality and uptake estimates. Results: Compared with the reference standard of using only 1 bin of PET data, motion correction using 10 bins of PET data reduced image noise by 46\% (P \< 0.0001). TBR in positive lesions for 10-bin motion-corrected data was 11\% higher than for 1-bin data (1.98 [interquartile range, 1.70{\textendash}2.37] vs. 1.78 [1.58{\textendash}2.16], P = 0.0027) and 33\% higher than for ungated data (1.98 [1.70{\textendash}2.37] vs. 1.49 [1.39{\textendash}1.88], P \< 0.0001). Conclusion: Motion correction of gated 18F-NaF PET/coronary CT angiography is feasible, reduces image noise, and increases TBR. This improvement may allow more reliable identification of vulnerable coronary artery plaques using 18F-NaF PET.}, issn = {0161-5505}, URL = {https://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/57/1/54}, eprint = {https://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/57/1/54.full.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Nuclear Medicine} }