RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 A Phase II Study of 3′-Deoxy-3′-18F-Fluorothymidine PET in the Assessment of Early Response of Breast Cancer to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Results from ACRIN 6688 JF Journal of Nuclear Medicine JO J Nucl Med FD Society of Nuclear Medicine SP 1681 OP 1689 DO 10.2967/jnumed.115.160663 VO 56 IS 11 A1 Lale Kostakoglu A1 Fenghai Duan A1 Michael O. Idowu A1 Paul R. Jolles A1 Harry D. Bear A1 Mark Muzi A1 Jean Cormack A1 John P. Muzi A1 Daniel A. Pryma A1 Jennifer M. Specht A1 Linda Hovanessian-Larsen A1 John Miliziano A1 Sharon Mallett A1 Anthony F. Shields A1 David A. Mankoff YR 2015 UL http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/56/11/1681.abstract AB Our objective was to determine whether early change in standardized uptake values (SUVs) of 3′deoxy-3′-18F-fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) using PET with CT could predict pathologic complete response (pCR) of primary breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The key secondary objective was to correlate SUV with the proliferation marker Ki-67 at baseline and after NAC. Methods: This prospective, multicenter phase II study did not specify the therapeutic regimen, thus, NAC varied among centers. All evaluable patients underwent 18F-FLT PET/CT at baseline (FLT1) and after 1 cycle of NAC (FLT2); 43 patients were imaged at FLT1, FLT2, and after NAC completion (FLT3). The percentage change in maximum SUV (%ΔSUVmax) between FLT1 and FLT2 and FLT3 was calculated for the primary tumors. The predictive value of ΔSUVmax for pCR was determined using receiver-operating-characteristic curve analysis. The correlation between SUVmax and Ki-67 was also assessed. Results: Fifty-one of 90 recruited patients (median age, 54 y; stage IIA–IIIC) met the eligibility criteria for the primary objective analysis, with an additional 22 patients totaling 73 patients for secondary analyses. A pCR in the primary breast cancer was achieved in 9 of 51 patients. NAC resulted in a significant reduction in %SUVmax (mean Δ, 39%; 95% confidence interval, 31–46). There was a marginal difference in %ΔSUVmax_FLT1-FLT2 between pCR and no-pCR patient groups (Wilcoxon 1-sided P = 0.050). The area under the curve for ΔSUVmax in the prediction of pCR was 0.68 (90% confidence interval, 0.50–0.83; Delong 1-sided P = 0.05), with slightly better predictive value for percentage mean SUV (P = 0.02) and similar prediction for peak SUV (P = 0.04). There was a weak correlation with pretherapy SUVmax and Ki-67 (r = 0.29, P = 0.04), but the correlation between SUVmax and Ki-67 after completion of NAC was stronger (r = 0.68, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: 18F-FLT PET imaging of breast cancer after 1 cycle of NAC weakly predicted pCR in the setting of variable NAC regimens. Posttherapy 18F-FLT uptake correlated with Ki-67 on surgical specimens. These results suggest some efficacy of 18F-FLT as an indicator of early therapeutic response of breast cancer to NAC and support future multicenter studies to test 18F-FLT PET in a more uniformly treated patient population.