RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 A Standardized Light-Emitting Diode Device for Photoimmunotherapy
JF Journal of Nuclear Medicine
JO J Nucl Med
FD Society of Nuclear Medicine
SP 1893
OP 1898
DO 10.2967/jnumed.114.142299
VO 55
IS 11
A1 de Boer, Esther
A1 Warram, Jason M.
A1 Hartmans, Elmire
A1 Bremer, Peter J.
A1 Bijl, Ben
A1 Crane, Lucia M.A.
A1 Nagengast, Wouter B.
A1 Rosenthal, Eben L.
A1 van Dam, Gooitzen M.
YR 2014
UL http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/55/11/1893.abstract
AB Antibody-based photodynamic therapy—photoimmunotherapy (PIT)—is an ideal modality to improve cancer treatment because of its selective and tumor-specific mode of therapy. Because the use of PIT for cancer treatment is continuing to be described, there is great need to characterize a standardized light source for PIT application. In this work, we designed and manufactured a light-emitting diode (LED)/PIT device and validated the technical feasibility, applicability, safety, and consistency of the system for cancer treatment. Methods: To outline the characteristics and photobiologic safety of the LED device, multiple optical measurements were performed in accordance with a photobiologic safety standard. A luciferase-transfected breast cancer cell line (2LMP-Luc) in combination with panitumumab-IRDye 700DX (pan-IR700) was used to validate the in vitro and in vivo performance of our LED device. Results: Testing revealed the light source to be safe, easy to use, and independent of illumination and power output (mW cm−2) variations over time. For in vitro studies, an LED dose (2, 4, 6 J cm−2)–dependent cytotoxicity was observed using propidium iodide exclusion and annexin V staining. Dose-dependent blebbing was also observed during microscopic analysis. Bioluminescence signals of tumors treated with 0.3 mg of pan-IR700 and 50 J cm−2 decreased significantly (>80%) compared with signals of contralateral nontreated sites at 4 h and at 1 d after PIT. Conclusion: To our knowledge, a normalized and standardized LED device has not been explicitly described or developed. In this article, we introduce a standardized light source and validate its usability for PIT applications.