@article {Ribeiro140, author = {Maria-Joao Ribeiro and Johnny Vercouillie and Jean-Philippe Cottier and S{\'e}verine Debiais and Isabelle Bonnaud and Nicolas Arlicot and Michael Kassiou and Denis Guilloteau}, title = {Cerebral focal neuroinflammation after acute stroke: Preliminary study with 18F-DPA-714}, volume = {54}, number = {supplement 2}, pages = {140--140}, year = {2013}, publisher = {Society of Nuclear Medicine}, abstract = {140 Objectives Focal cerebral ischemia induces glial activation and leukocyte infiltration involving increase TSPO cerebral density that could be visualised by PET. We evaluated the use of 18F-DPA-714 to analyse TSPO density after a recent stroke. Methods Four patients (55 to 82 y) with unilateral recent infarct have been submitted to two imaging studies about 10 days after acute insult. MRI (Diffusion, Flair, T1 before and after gadolinium) and 90 min dynamic PET with 18F-DPA-714 (3.9 MBq/kg) were done. Two physicians done comparative visual analysis between MRI and PET images. Pmod{\textregistered} was used to do co registration between MRI and PET and to define ROI in the region corresponding to infarcted tissue (on diffusion and Flair images) and on contralateral region and cerebellum. TAC were obtained from each ROI. Results Visual analyses showed increase uptake of 18F-DPA-714 in the infarct tissue observed on MRI images (hypersignal on diffusion and Flair) and in the enhancement area corresponding to BBB rupture. Radiotracer increase uptake area was larger in this region which could be related to the inflammatory reaction. Higher radiotracer binding was observed in the region infarcted decreasing slowly from 10 min pi to the end of the PET. For contralateral region and cerebellum, maximal uptake was observed 5 min pi followed by two decreased phases: a rapid phase (5-30 min pi) followed by a slower one (30-90 min pi). 18F-DPA-714 uptake by the infarct region remains higher than that observed for the other two regions until the end of the acquisition. Conclusions Our results show 18F-DPA-714 increase uptake within the infarct due to BBB breaking and in the vicinity of the infarcted territory due to microglia activation and a different radiotracer kinetic in the injured and normal tissues. These results suggest the use of 18F-DPA-714 for neuroinflammation analysis associated to ischemia and for the evaluation of anti-inflammatory drugs in stroke. Research Support Research received funding from EU 7th Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013; HEALTH-F2-2011-278850, INMiND) and from the French grant Labex (IRON) ANR-11-LABX-18-01.}, issn = {0161-5505}, URL = {https://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/54/supplement_2/140}, eprint = {https://jnm.snmjournals.org/content}, journal = {Journal of Nuclear Medicine} }