TY - JOUR T1 - Segmentation-Based MR Attenuation Correction Including Bones Also Affects Quantitation in Brain Studies: An Initial Result of <sup>18</sup>F-FP-CIT PET/MR for Patients with Parkinsonism JF - Journal of Nuclear Medicine JO - J Nucl Med SP - 1617 LP - 1622 DO - 10.2967/jnumed.114.138636 VL - 55 IS - 10 AU - Hongyoon Choi AU - Gi Jeong Cheon AU - Han-Joon Kim AU - Seung Hong Choi AU - Jae Sung Lee AU - Yong-il Kim AU - Keon Wook Kang AU - June-Key Chung AU - E. Edmund Kim AU - Dong Soo Lee Y1 - 2014/10/01 UR - http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/55/10/1617.abstract N2 - Attenuation correction (AC) with an ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequence has recently been used in combination with segmentation for cortical bone identification for brain PET/MR studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quantification of 18F-fluoropropyl-carbomethoxyiodophenylnortropane (18F-FP-CIT) binding in brain PET/MR, particularly focusing on effects of UTE-based AC including bone segmentation. Methods: Sixteen patients with initially suspected parkinsonism were prospectively enrolled. An emission scan was acquired 110 min after 18F-FP-CIT injection on a dedicated PET/MR scanner, immediately followed by another emission scan using a PET/CT scanner 120 min after the injection. A UTE-based attenuation map was used to classify the voxels into 3 tissues: bone, soft tissue, and air. All PET images were spatially normalized, and a specific-to-nonspecific dopamine transporter (DAT) binding ratio (BR) was calculated using statistical probabilistic anatomic mapping. The level of agreement was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Voxelwise comparison between PET images acquired from PET/MR and PET/CT was performed. We compared non–attenuation-corrected images to analyze UTE-based AC effects on DAT quantification. Results: BR in the putamen obtained from PET/MR and PET/CT showed low interequipment variability, whereas BR in the caudate nucleus showed significant variability (ICC = 0.967 and 0.682 for putamen and caudate nucleus, respectively). BR in the caudate nucleus was significantly underestimated by PET/MR, compared with PET/CT (mean difference of BR = 0.66, P &lt; 0.0001). Voxelwise analysis revealed that PET/MR showed significantly low BR in the periventricular regions, which was caused by a misclassification of the ventricle as air on the attenuation map. We also compared non-AC images, revealing low interequipment variability even in the caudate nucleus (ICC = 0.937 and 0.832 for putamen and caudate nucleus, respectively). Conclusion: Our data demonstrate spatial bias of the DAT BR on 18F-FP-CIT PET/MR. Voxelwise analysis and comparison to non-AC images identified the misclassification of ventricle as air to be the cause of bias. To obtain reliable quantification for brain PET/MR studies including 18F-FP-CIT PET, alternative and more reliable segmentation strategies are required. ER -