PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Zhang, YinHan
AU  - Oh, Chang-Sok
AU  - Yang, David
AU  - Yu, DongFang
AU  - Kohanim, Saady
AU  - Mendez, Richard
AU  - Chanda, Mithu
AU  - Bryant, Jerry
AU  - Kim, E.
TI  - EC-DG: A molecule suitable in theranostic in cancers
DP  - 2010 May 01
TA  - Journal of Nuclear Medicine
PG  - 1529--1529
VI  - 51
IP  - supplement 2
4099  - http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/51/supplement_2/1529.short
4100  - http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/51/supplement_2/1529.full
SO  - J Nucl Med2010 May 01; 51
AB  - 1529 Objectives UDP-N-acetyl glucosamine level is enhanced during tumor cell proliferation. 99mTc-ethylenedicysteine-glucosamine (EC-DG) is a safe imaging agent in lung cancer patients. Our imaging findings were correlated immunohistochemical assays. This study was aimed to evaluate feasibility of using EC-DG for theranostic approaches in cancers. Methods Three animal models were used for imaging studies. Breast tumor-bearing rats (from 13762 cancer cells) and lung tumor-bearing mice (from human A549 cancer cells) were imaged with 99mTc-, 68Ga- and 111In-EC-DG at 0.5-4 hrs. Squamous VX-2 tumor-bearing rabbits were imaged with 99mTc- and 68Ga-EC-DG and compared to FDG (control) up to 2 hrs. For radiotheranostic assessment studies, breast tumor-bearing rats were imaged with 111In-EC-DG and tumor/muscle ratios were determined. For theranostic assessment, we synthesized cold Re-EC-DG. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells (MS, Mino, Granta) and normal B-lymphocytes (50,000 cells/well) were treated with cold Re-EC-DG and Re-EC (control) for 48 hrs. TUNEL assays were performed to ascertain cell apoptosis. Results Both PET and planar images demonstrated all cancers could be imaged by 99mTc-, 68Ga- and 111In-EC-DG. Radiation exposure of 99mTc- (20mCi) and 68Ga-EC-DG (10mCi) and 111In-EC-DG (5mCi) to whole body, blood-forming organs, gonads, and effective dose equivalent for single dose at mCi levels were below the annual limits of 3 rad and 5 rad total. The absorbed dose in all other organs was below the annual limits of 5 rad and 15 rad total. High tumor/muscle ratios for 111In-EC-DG (5.43 to 7.80) was observed at 0.5-24 hrs, however, 111In-EC was 3.24 to 4.64. Cold Re-EC-DG showed significant tumoricidal activity compared to normal B-lymphocyte activity at the dose >0.17μmol. Conclusions 111In-EC-DG showed promising dosimetric properties. If labeled with 90Y, it has potential for cancer treatment. Cold Re-EC-DG is an attractive anti-proliferation compound