RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Exploratory Evaluation of MR Permeability with 18F-FDG PET Mapping in Pediatric Brain Tumors: A Report from the Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium JF Journal of Nuclear Medicine JO J Nucl Med FD Society of Nuclear Medicine SP 1237 OP 1243 DO 10.2967/jnumed.112.115782 VO 54 IS 8 A1 Katherine A. Zukotynski A1 Frederic H. Fahey A1 Sridhar Vajapeyam A1 Sarah S. Ng A1 Mehmet Kocak A1 Sridharan Gururangan A1 Larry E. Kun A1 Tina Y. Poussaint YR 2013 UL http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/54/8/1237.abstract AB The purpose of this study was to develop a method of registering 18F-FDG PET with MR permeability images for investigating the correlation of 18F-FDG uptake, permeability, and cerebral blood volume (CBV) in children with pediatric brain tumors and their relationship with outcome. Methods: Twenty-four children with brain tumors in a phase II study of bevacizumab and irinotecan underwent brain MR and 18F-FDG PET within 2 wk. Tumor types included supratentorial high-grade astrocytoma (n = 7), low-grade glioma (n = 9), brain stem glioma (n = 4), medulloblastoma (n = 2), and ependymoma (n = 2). There were 33 cases (pretreatment only [n = 12], posttreatment only [n = 3], and both pretreatment [n = 9] and posttreatment [n = 9]). 18F-FDG PET images were registered to MR images from the last time point of the T1 perfusion time series using mutual information. Three-dimensional regions of interest (ROIs) drawn on permeability images were automatically transferred to registered PET images. The quality of ROI registration was graded (1, excellent; 2, very good; 3, good; 4, fair; and 5, poor) by 3 independent experts. Spearman rank correlations were used to assess correlation of maximum tumor permeability (Kpsmax), maximum CBV (CBVmax), and maximum 18F-FDG uptake normalized to white matter (T/Wmax). Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate associations of these parameters with progression-free survival (PFS). Results: The quality of ROI registration between PET and MR was good to excellent in 31 of 33 cases. There was no correlation of baseline Kpsmax with CBVmax (Spearman rank correlation = 0.018 [P = 0.94]) or T/Wmax (Spearman rank correlation = 0.07 [P = 0.76]). Baseline CBVmax was correlated with T/Wmax (Spearman rank correlation = 0.47 [P = 0.036]). Baseline Kpsmax, CBVmax, and T/Wmax were not significantly associated with PFS (P = 0.42, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.90–1.045, and number of events [nevents] = 15 for Kpsmax; P = 0.41, HR = 0.989, 95% CI = 0.963–1.015, and nevents = 14 for CBVmax; and P = 0.17, HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 0.856–2.378, and nevents = 15 for T/Wmax). Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET and MR permeability images were successfully registered and compared across a spectrum of pediatric brain tumors. The lack of correlation between metabolism and permeability may be expected because these parameters characterize different molecular processes. The correlation of CBV and tumor metabolism may be related to an association with tumor grade. More patients are needed for a covariate analysis of these parameters and PFS by tumor histology.