PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Ming Feng AU - Hua Zhu AU - Zhaohui Zhu AU - Junji Wei AU - Shan Lu AU - Qin Li AU - Nan Zhang AU - Guilin Li AU - Fang Li AU - Wenbin Ma AU - Yihua An AU - Robert Chunhua Zhao AU - Chuan Qin AU - Renzhi Wang TI - Serial <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET Demonstrates Benefit of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Treatment of Intracerebral Hematoma: A Translational Study in a Primate Model AID - 10.2967/jnumed.110.080325 DP - 2011 Jan 01 TA - Journal of Nuclear Medicine PG - 90--97 VI - 52 IP - 1 4099 - http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/52/1/90.short 4100 - http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/52/1/90.full SO - J Nucl Med2011 Jan 01; 52 AB - This study evaluated the efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in the treatment of intracerebral hematoma (ICH) using a primate model and serial 18F-FDG PET scans. Methods: Twenty-four Macaca fascicularis monkeys (male, 4.2 ± 0.2 kg) were enrolled. The ICH models were established using a stereo-guided injection of 1.5 mL of autologous arterial blood between the right cortex and basal ganglia. One week (early treatment group, n = 8) or 4 wk (late treatment group, n = 8) after an ICH was established, (1–5) ×106 hMSCs were transplanted near the hematoma using a stereotactic method. Control monkeys received saline only, either 1 or 4 wk (n = 4 for each subgroup) after ICH establishment. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated by serial 18F-FDG PET scans (n = 19) and neurologic deficit scoring weekly or biweekly. Pathologic analysis was performed 8 wk after hMSC transplantation. Results: One week after hMSC injection, higher 18F-FDG accumulated at the ipsilateral basal ganglia in both early and late hMSC-treated groups, indicating an early response to the treatment. When recovery reached a plateau, 18F-FDG uptake in the adjacent cortex was significantly higher in the early treatment group (P &lt; 0.05). The neurologic deficit scoring was significantly lower in the hMSC-treated groups, which also indicated better recovery. Pathologic analysis revealed higher vessel density surrounding the remains of hematoma in the hMSC-treated groups. Conclusion: This preliminary study indicates that transplantation of hMSCs may improve the recovery from ICH in a primate model, and early treatment may lead to better results.