RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Methotrexate, Paclitaxel, and Doxorubicin Radiosensitize <em>HER2</em>-Amplified Human Breast Cancer Cells to the Auger Electron–Emitting Radiotherapeutic Agent <sup>111</sup>In-NLS-Trastuzumab
JF Journal of Nuclear Medicine
JO J Nucl Med
FD Society of Nuclear Medicine
SP 477
OP 483
DO 10.2967/jnumed.109.069716
VO 51
IS 3
A1 Costantini, Danny L.
A1 Villani, Daniela F.
A1 Vallis, Katherine A.
A1 Reilly, Raymond M.
YR 2010
UL http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/51/3/477.abstract
AB Our goal in this study was to elucidate the mechanisms by which methotrexate radiosensitizes HER2-positive human breast cancer cells to the Auger electron emitter 111In-trastuzumab modified with nuclear-localization sequence peptides (111In-NLS-trastuzumab) and to compare these mechanisms with the potential sensitizing effects of paclitaxel and doxorubicin when combined with this radiopharmaceutical. Methods: Experiments were performed in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, their HER2-transfected subclones (231-H2N), and 2 trastuzumab-resistant variants (trastuzumab-resistant-1 and -2 [TrR1 and TrR2]). Effects of coexposure of these cells to 111In-NLS-trastuzumab and low-dose, radiosensitizing methotrexate, paclitaxel, or doxorubicin were assessed by clonogenic cell-survival assay. Quantification of residual DNA damage was measured by the γH2AX-immunofluorescence assay, and cell cycle distribution was measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. The radiation-enhancement ratio was calculated as the ratio of the surviving fraction (SF) of cells treated with 111In-NLS-trastuzumab alone to that of cells treated concurrently with 111In-NLS-trastuzumab and methotrexate, paclitaxel, or doxorubicin. Results: A reduction in the SF in HER2-positive 231-H2N (55.7% ± 1.3%) and TrR1 (62.6% ± 6.5%) cells was demonstrated after exposure to 111In-NLS-trastuzumab (∼0.2 MBq/μg, 100 nmol/L) but not in MDA-MB-231 or TrR2 cells expressing low levels of HER2 (SF &gt; 90%, P &gt; 0.05). Coadministration of methotrexate, paclitaxel, or doxorubicin enhanced the cytotoxicity of 111In-NLS-trastuzumab toward 231-H2N and TrR1 cells but not toward MDA-MB-231 or TrR2 cells. The radiation-enhancement ratios for methotrexate, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin for 231-H2N or TrR1 cells were 2.0–2.2, 1.6–1.8, and 2.7–2.8, respectively. Methotrexate or doxorubicin combined with 111In-NLS-trastuzumab, compared to treatment with 111In-NLS-trastuzumab alone, significantly increased residual γH2AX foci in 231-H2N and TrR1 cells but not in MDA-MB-231 or TrR2 cells or in any cell line treated concurrently with paclitaxel and 111In-NLS-trastuzumab. Cells exposed to low-dose methotrexate accumulated in the G1/S phase of the cell cycle, whereas low-dose paclitaxel or doxorubicin caused cells to arrest in the G2/M phase. Conclusion: Low-dose methotrexate, paclitaxel, or doxorubicin potently sensitized HER2-overexpressing human breast cancer cells, with and without acquired trastuzumab-resistance, to the Auger electron emissions from 111In-NLS-trastuzumab through cell cycle distribution changes and in part through the inhibitory effects of these agents on DNA damage repair.