RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Optimization of the Injected Activity in Dynamic 3D PET: A Generalized Approach Using Patient-Specific NECs as Demonstrated by a Series of 15O-H2O Scans
JF Journal of Nuclear Medicine
JO J Nucl Med
FD Society of Nuclear Medicine
SP 1409
OP 1417
DO 10.2967/jnumed.109.062679
VO 50
IS 9
A1 Matthew D. Walker
A1 Julian C. Matthews
A1 Marie-Claude Asselin
A1 Azeem Saleem
A1 Clare Dickinson
A1 Natalie Charnley
A1 Peter J. Julyan
A1 Patricia M. Price
A1 Terry Jones
YR 2009
UL http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/50/9/1409.abstract
AB The magnitude of the injected activity (A0) has a direct impact on the statistical quality of PET images. This study aimed to develop a generalized method for maximizing the statistical quality of dynamic PET images by optimizing A0. Methods: Patient-specific noise-equivalent counts (PS-NECs) were used as a metric of the statistical quality of each time frame of a dynamic PET image. Previous methodology developed to extrapolate the NEC as a function of A0 was extended to dynamic PET, enabling the NEC to be extrapolated as a function of both A0 and the time after injection. This method allowed A0 to be optimized after a single scan (at a single A0), by maximizing the NEC within the time interval for which the parameter estimation is most sensitive. The extrapolation method was validated by a series of 15O-H2O scans of the body acquired in 3-dimensional mode. Each patient (n = 6) underwent between 3 and 6 scans at 1 bed position. The injected activities were varied over a wide range (140–840 MBq). Noise-equivalent counting rate (NECR) versus A0 curves and the optimal injected activities were calculated from each injection. Results: PS-NECR versus A0 curves as extrapolated from different injected activities were consistent (coefficient of variation, typically <5%). The optimal injected activities for an individual, as derived from these curves, were also consistent (maximum coefficient of variation, 4.3%). For abdominal (n = 4) and chest (n = 1) scans, we found optimal injected activities of 15O-H2O in the range of 220–350 MBq for estimating blood perfusion (F) and 660–1,070 MBq for estimating the volume of distribution (VT). Higher optimal injected activities were found in the case of a pelvic scan (n = 1; 570 MBq for F and 1,530 MBq for VT). Conclusion: PS-NECs are a valid and generic method for optimizing the injected activity in PET, allowing scanning protocols to be improved after the collection of an initial, single dynamic dataset. This generic method can be used to estimate the optimal injected activity, which is specific to the patient, tracer, PET scanner, and body region being scanned.