TY - JOUR T1 - <sup>18</sup>F-Dihydroxyphenylalanine PET in Patients with Biochemical Evidence of Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Relation to Tumor Differentiation JF - Journal of Nuclear Medicine JO - J Nucl Med SP - 524 LP - 531 DO - 10.2967/jnumed.107.047720 VL - 49 IS - 4 AU - Klaas P. Koopmans AU - Jan Willem B. de Groot AU - John T.M. Plukker AU - Elisabeth G.E. de Vries AU - Ido P. Kema AU - Wim J. Sluiter AU - Pieter L. Jager AU - Thera P. Links Y1 - 2008/04/01 UR - http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/49/4/524.abstract N2 - Curative treatment for recurrent medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), diagnosed by rising serum calcitonin, is surgery, but tumor localization is difficult. Therefore, the value of 18F-dihydroxyphenylanaline PET (18F-DOPA PET), 18F-FDG PET, 99mTc-V-di-mercaptosulfuricacid (DMSA-V) scintigraphy, and MRI or CT was studied. Methods: Twenty-one patients with biochemical recurrent or residual MTC underwent 18F-DOPA PET, 18F-FDG PET, DMSA-V scintigraphy, and MRI or CT. Patient- and lesion-based sensitivities were calculated using a composite reference consisting of all imaging modalities. Results: In 76% of all patients with MTC, one or more imaging modalities was positive for MTC lesions. In 6 of 8 patients with a calcitonin level of &lt;500 ng/L, imaging results were negative. In 15 patients with positive imaging results, 18F-DOPA PET detected 13 (sensitivity, 62%; with 4.6 lesions per patient [lpp]). Morphologic imaging (n = 19) was positive in 7 (sensitivity, 37%; 4.7 lpp), DMSA-V (n = 18) in 5 (sensitivity, 28%; 1.1 lpp), and 18F-FDG PET (n = 17) in 4 (sensitivity, 24%; 1.6 lpp). In a lesion-based analysis, 18F-DOPA PET detected 95 of 134 lesions (sensitivity, 71%), morphologic imaging detected 80 of 126 (sensitivity, 64%), DMSA-V detected 20 of 108 (sensitivity, 19%), and 18F-FDG PET detected 48 of 102 (sensitivity, 30%). In 2 of 3 patients with a calcitonin/carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) doubling time of ≤12 mo, 18F-FDG PET performed better than 18FDOPA PET; in the third patient, 18F-FDG PET was not performed. Conclusion: MTC lesions are best detectable when serum calcitonin was &gt;500 ng/L. 18F-DOPA PET is superior to 18F-FDG PET, DMSA-V, and morphologic imaging. With short calcitonin doubling times (≤12 mo), 18F-FDG PET may be superior. ER -