PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Ha-Young Lee AU - Zibo Li AU - Kai Chen AU - Andrew R. Hsu AU - Chenjie Xu AU - Jin Xie AU - Shouheng Sun AU - Xiaoyuan Chen TI - PET/MRI Dual-Modality Tumor Imaging Using Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic (RGD)–Conjugated Radiolabeled Iron Oxide Nanoparticles AID - 10.2967/jnumed.108.051243 DP - 2008 Aug 01 TA - Journal of Nuclear Medicine PG - 1371--1379 VI - 49 IP - 8 4099 - http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/49/8/1371.short 4100 - http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/49/8/1371.full SO - J Nucl Med2008 Aug 01; 49 AB - The purpose of this study was to develop a bifunctional iron oxide (IO) nanoparticle probe for PET and MRI scans of tumor integrin αvβ3 expression. Methods: Polyaspartic acid (PASP)–coated IO (PASP-IO) nanoparticles were synthesized using a coprecipitation method, and particle size and magnetic properties were measured. A phantom study was used to assess the efficacy of PASP-IO as a T2-weighted MRI contrast agent. PASP-IO nanoparticles with surface amino groups were coupled to cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic (RGD) peptides for integrin αvβ3 targeting and macrocyclic 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″,N′″,-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) chelators for PET after labeling with 64Cu. IO nanoparticle conjugates were further tested in vitro and in vivo to determine receptor targeting efficacy and feasibility for dual PET/MRI. Results: PASP-IO nanoparticles made by single-step reaction have a core size of 5 nm with a hydrodynamic diameter of 45 ± 10 nm. The saturation magnetization of PASP-IO nanoparticles is about 117 emu/g of iron, and the measured r2 and r2* are 105.5 and 165.5 (s·mM)−1, respectively. A displacement competitive binding assay indicates that DOTA-IO-RGD conjugates bound specifically to integrin αvβ3 in vitro. Both small-animal PET and T2-weighted MRI show integrin-specific delivery of conjugated RGD-PASP-IO nanoparticles and prominent reticuloendothelial system uptake. Conclusion: We have successfully developed an IO-based nanoprobe for simultaneous dual PET and MRI of tumor integrin expression. The success of this bifunctional imaging approach may allow for earlier tumor detection with a high degree of accuracy and provide further insight into the molecular mechanisms of cancer.