PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Ak, İlknur
AU  - Vardereli, Erkan
AU  - Durak, Beyhan
AU  - Gülbaş, Zafer
AU  - Basaran, Nurettin
AU  - Stokkel, Marcel P.M.
AU  - Pauwels, Ernest K.J.
TI  - Labeling of Mixed Leukocytes with <sup>99m</sup>Tc-HMPAO Causes Severe Chromosomal Aberrations in Lymphocytes
DP  - 2002 Feb 01
TA  - Journal of Nuclear Medicine
PG  - 203--206
VI  - 43
IP  - 2
4099  - http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/43/2/203.short
4100  - http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/43/2/203.full
SO  - J Nucl Med2002 Feb 01; 43
AB  - 99mTc-d,1-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) is widely used as a labeling agent for leukocytes in the diagnosis of inflammatory or infectious foci. Cytotoxicity studies have indicated that intracellular labeling of leukocytes with 111In compounds may have severe detrimental effects on the cells. Methods: In this study, the radiotoxic effects on mixed lymphocytes after labeling with 99mTc-HMPAO was investigated using the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay and chromosomal aberration assay. Results: Whereas negligible numbers of chromosome abnormalities were noted in unlabeled lymphocytes, the labeled lymphocytes showed multiple aberrations of various types, including dicentric, tricentric, and fivecentric chromosomes; centric rings; chromosome and chromatid type breaks; and acentric fragments. Conclusion: Heavily aberrant lymphocytes are seen in 99mTc-HMPAO–labeled mixed leukocytes after routine clinical procedures. It is unlikely, however, that this would cause detrimental effects, such as lymphoid malignancy, as these cells would normally be eliminated through apoptosis or phagocytosis.