@article {Kemerink382, author = {Gerrit J. Kemerink and Ing Han Liem and Leo Hofstra and Hendrikus H. Boersma and Wil C.A.M. Buijs and Chris P.M. Reutelingsperger and Guido A.K. Heidendal}, title = {Patient Dosimetry of Intravenously Administered 99mTc-Annexin V}, volume = {42}, number = {2}, pages = {382--387}, year = {2001}, publisher = {Society of Nuclear Medicine}, abstract = {Annexin V labeled with 99mTc is evaluated as a potential in vivo marker for tissue with increased apoptosis. Promising results in patients have been obtained with 99mTc-(n-1-imino-4-mercaptobutyl)-annexin V (99mTc-i-AnxV). Because information on biodistribution and radiation burden is desired for the application of any radiopharmaceutical, a dosimetric study of 99mTc-i-AnxV was undertaken. Methods: Eight persons with normal kidney and liver functions were included in this study: six patients with myocardial infarction, one with Crohn{\textquoteright}s disease, and one healthy volunteer. Approximately 600 MBq 99mTc-i-AnxV were injected intravenously immediately before a dynamic study with a dual-head gamma camera in conjugate view mode. In the next 24 h, two to four whole-body scans were acquired. Patient thickness was determined from a transmission scan with a 57Co flood source. Organ uptake was estimated after correction for background, attenuation, and scatter, using a depth-independent buildup factor and an organ-size{\textendash}dependent attenuation correction. Residence times were calculated from the dynamic and whole-body studies and used as input for the MIRDOSE 3.1 program to obtain organ-absorbed doses and effective dose. Results: Activity strongly accumulated in the kidneys (21\% {\textpm} 6\% of the injected dose at 4 h postinjection) and the liver (12.8\% {\textpm} 2.2\%). Uptake in the target tissues (myocardium or colon) was limited and negligible from a dosimetric point of view. The biologic half-life of activity registered over the total body was 62 {\textpm} 13 h. Of the excreted activity, \~{}75\% went to the urine and 25\% to the feces. The absorbed dose for the more strongly exposed organs was (in μGy/MBq): kidneys, 93 {\textpm} 24; spleen, 22 {\textpm} 6; liver, 17 {\textpm} 2; testes, 15 {\textpm} 3; thyroid, 10 {\textpm} 6; urinary bladder wall, 7.5 {\textpm} 2.6; and red bone marrow, 5.5 {\textpm} 0.8. The effective dose was 9.7 {\textpm} 1.0 μSv/MBq, corresponding to a total effective dose of 5.8 {\textpm} 0.6 mSv for a nominally injected activity of 600 MBq. Conclusion: 99mTc-i-AnxV strongly accumulates in the kidneys and to a lesser degree in the liver. The associated effective dose per MBq is in the midrange of values found for routine 99mTc-labeled compounds. From a dosimetric point of view 99mTc-i-AnxV is therefore well suited for the study of apoptosis in patients.}, issn = {0161-5505}, URL = {https://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/42/2/382}, eprint = {https://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/42/2/382.full.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Nuclear Medicine} }