RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Evidence-Based Risk Assessment in Noninvasive Imaging JF Journal of Nuclear Medicine JO J Nucl Med FD Society of Nuclear Medicine SP 1424 OP 1436 VO 42 IS 9 A1 Leslee J. Shaw A1 Ami E. Iskandrian A1 Rory Hachamovitch A1 Guido Germano A1 Howard C. Lewin A1 Timothy M. Bateman A1 Daniel S. Berman YR 2001 UL http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/42/9/1424.abstract AB Assessment of important clinical and economic outcomes has become central to the evaluation of patient care. Outcome research is deeply rooted in epidemiology, including the use of multivariable, risk-adjusted regression analysis. In our current health care environment, these methods are increasingly being used to assess the quality of care and to profile physicians and laboratories. Nuclear medicine physicians therefore need to better understand outcome methodologies in order to evaluate patient outcomes, develop guidelines, and decide on patient management. Methods: This review describes the methods of assessing the diagnostic and prognostic value of nuclear medicine techniques and, briefly, the methodologic limitations of sample size, frequency and type of events, and follow-up periods and the incremental value of imaging. Also described are logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards modeling. Models for risk assessment are designed to identify whether patients require conservative (i.e., low-risk) or aggressive (i.e., high-risk) treatment. Treatment selection is currently based on risk assessment and the formation of an integrated, empiric risk stratification algorithm of care. This review also includes the methods of assessing economic effectiveness and quality-of-life issues for patients examined with nuclear medicine techniques. Conclusion: In this era of constrained resources, low-cost outpatient-based care may be of increasing importance. High-quality evidence of the clinical and economic outcome of nuclear imaging is essential for helping health care providers and payers assess its value.