RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Analysis of Short-Term and Stable DNA Damage in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Treated with 131I in Hypothyroidism or with Recombinant Human Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone for Remnant Ablation JF Journal of Nuclear Medicine JO J Nucl Med FD Society of Nuclear Medicine SP 1515 OP 1522 DO 10.2967/jnumed.121.263442 VO 63 IS 10 A1 Alberto Signore A1 Giuseppe Campagna A1 Jessica Marinaccio A1 Marco de Vitis A1 Chiara Lauri A1 Francesco Berardinelli A1 Anna Tofani A1 Marco Chianelli A1 Marina Borro A1 Giovanna Gentile A1 Maurizio Simmaco A1 Francesco Colombini A1 Anna Giovanetti A1 Antonella Sgura YR 2022 UL http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/63/10/1515.abstract AB It is well known that ionizing radiation can induce genetic damage and that oxidative stress is a major factor inducing it. Our aim was to investigate whether thyroid remnant ablation with low activities of 131I (1,850 MBq) is associated with DNA damage by evaluating the CometAssay, micronuclei, and chromosome aberrations with multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization. Methods: We studied 62 patients prepared with recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) or by thyroid hormone withdrawal. In both groups, we analyzed stable and unstable genetic alterations before 131I therapy and 1 wk and 3 mo after 131I administration. We also correlated the genetic damage with several variables, including the degree of radiation-induced oxidative stress, genetic polymorphisms of enzymes involved in DNA repair, and antioxidative stress. Results: We found a comparable amount of DNA breaks evaluated by CometAssay and micronuclei testing in both groups of patients at different time points, but there was a significant increase in stable chromosome aberrations evaluated by multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (breaks and translocations) in patients prepared with thyroid hormone withdrawal. Overall, high chromosome damage was associated with higher retained body radioactivity and unfavorable gene polymorphism. A high level of free oxygen radicals and a low level of antioxidants were found in all patients at any time point. In particular, patients prepared with thyroid hormone withdrawal, at 3 mo, had significantly higher levels of free oxygen radicals than those prepared with rhTSH. Conclusion: An increase in stable chromosome aberrations with respect to baseline is detectable after administration of low doses of 131I in patients prepared with thyroid hormone withdrawal but not in patients prepared with rhTSH. The clinical significance of these chromosomal alterations remains to be determined.