RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Non-Invasive Measurement of Increased Vessel Wall Inflammation by [18F]FDG PET/CT in Patients with Multiple Myeloma upon Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation JF Journal of Nuclear Medicine JO J Nucl Med FD Society of Nuclear Medicine SP 3359 OP 3359 VO 63 IS supplement 2 A1 Serfling, Sebastian A1 Thaiss, Wolfgang A1 Wasserloos, Anne A1 Rasche, Leo A1 Kortüm, Martin A1 Kraus, Sabrina A1 Higuchi, Takahiro A1 Rowe, Steven A1 Kircher, Malte A1 Buck, Andreas A1 Einsele, Hermann A1 Beer, Ambros A1 Lapa, Constantin A1 Werner, Rudolf YR 2022 UL http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/63/supplement_2/3359.abstract AB 3359 Introduction: In patients with multiple myeloma (MM), allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is used as a salvage approach, but is also associated with cardiovascular events during follow-up. Here, we investigated whether increased vessel wall inflammation upon allo-HCT can be monitored by [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT.Methods: 15 MM patients underwent [18F]FDG before and three months after allo-HCT. By analyzing 8 vessel segments per patient, a non-invasive semi-quantitative read-out of the entire vasculature was conducted. Using healthy lung uptake as reference, correlative indices between derived vessel-to-lung ratios (VLR) and uptake from organs of hematopoietic activation (bone marrow [BM]) were determined. A central review investigated baseline and follow-up scans, which provided the delta VLR between both scans.Results: For all vessels, the pre-therapeutic VLR was 3.04±0.64 (95%CI, 2.68-3.39) and correlated with uptake derived from BM (R=0.67, P<0.01). After HCT, TBR of all investigated vessel segments increased by 20.1% to 3.64±0.72 (95%CI, 3.24-4.05; P=0.0003 vs. pre-therapeutic VLR). Those findings were primarily driven by an increase of VLR in the abdominal (30.2%, P=0.001) and thoracic aorta (aortic arch, 28.4%; ascending aorta, 26%; descending aorta, 18.5%; P<0.05 for all). Conclusions: Allo-HCT in MM patients was associated with increased vessel wall uptake, in particular in the thoracic and abdominal aorta. Our study suggests that [18F]FDG PET/CT may be a helpful tool to determine the vessel wall inflammation in MM patients upon allo-HCT.