RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Long-Term Outcomes of Transarterial Radioembolization for Large Single Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comparison to Resection JF Journal of Nuclear Medicine JO J Nucl Med FD Society of Nuclear Medicine SP jnumed.121.263147 DO 10.2967/jnumed.121.263147 A1 Jihye Kim A1 Ju Yeon Kim A1 Jeong-Hoon Lee A1 Dong Hyun Sinn A1 Moon Haeng Hur A1 Ji Hoon Hong A1 Min Kyung Park A1 Hee Jin Cho A1 Na Ryung Choi A1 Yun Bin Lee A1 Eun Ju Cho A1 Su Jong Yu A1 Yoon Jun Kim A1 Jin Chul Paeng A1 Hyo Cheol Kim A1 Nam-Joon Yi A1 Kwang-Woong Lee A1 Kyung-Suk Suh A1 Dongho Hyun A1 Jong Man Kim A1 Jung-Hwan Yoon YR 2021 UL http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/early/2021/12/09/jnumed.121.263147.abstract AB The surgical treatment for large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial due to a high risk of recurrence after resection. This study aimed to compare long-term outcomes of transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with resection for patients with large HCC. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included a total of 557 patients who were initially treated with either resection (the resection group, n = 500) or TARE (the TARE group, n = 57) for large (≥5 cm) single nodular HCC at two tertiary centers in Korea. Patients with major portal vein tumor thrombosis or extrahepatic metastasis were excluded. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and secondary endpoints were time to progression (TTP), time to intrahepatic progression (TTIP), and safety. Results: The resection group were younger (median, 60 years vs. 69 years) with smaller tumor size (median, 7.0 cm vs. 10.0 cm) (all P<0.05). After baseline characteristics were balanced using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), the TARE group showed comparable OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40–2.43; P = 0.97), TTP (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.55–2.20; P = 0.80), and TTIP (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.72–2.93; P = 0.30) to the resection group. TARE was not an independent risk for OS (adjusted-HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.42–2.59; P = 0.93), TTP (adjusted-HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.50–1.95; P = 0.96), or TTIP (adjusted-HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.65–2.58; P = 0.46). The TARE group showed shorter hospital stay and fewer adverse events than the resection group. Conclusion: TARE showed comparable OS, TTP, and TTIP with better safety profile compared to surgical resection for large single nodular HCC.