RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 68Ga-Pentixafor-PET/CT imaging represents a novel approach to detect chemokine receptor CXCR4 expression in myeloproliferative neoplasms JF Journal of Nuclear Medicine JO J Nucl Med FD Society of Nuclear Medicine SP jnumed.121.262206 DO 10.2967/jnumed.121.262206 A1 Sabrina Kraus A1 Alexander Dierks A1 Leo Rasche A1 Olivia Kertels A1 Malte Kircher A1 Andreas Schirbel A1 Josip Zovko A1 Torsten Steinbrunn A1 Raoul Tibes A1 Hans-Jürgen Wester A1 Andreas K. Buck A1 Hermann Einsele A1 K. Martin Kortüm A1 Andreas Rosenwald A1 Constantin Lapa YR 2021 UL http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/early/2021/05/27/jnumed.121.262206.abstract AB C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is an attractive target for cancer diagnosis and treatment, as it is overexpressed in many solid and hematological malignancies. This study investigated the feasibility of CXCR4-directed imaging with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using 68Ga-Pentixafor to visualize and quantify disease involvement in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Methods: 12 patients with MPNs (n = 4 primary myelofibrosis, n = 6 essential thrombocythemia, n = 2 polycythemia vera) and 5 controls underwent 68Ga-Pentixafor-PET/CT. Imaging findings were compared with immunohistochemical stainings, laboratory data and splenic volume. Results: 68Ga-Pentixafor-PET/CT was visually positive in 12/12 patients and CXCR4 target specificity could be confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. A significantly higher tracer uptake could be detected in the bone marrow of MPN patients (SUVmean 6.45±2.34 vs. 4.44±1.24). Dynamic changes of CXCR4 expression determined by 68Ga-Pentixafor-PET/CT corresponded with treatment response. Conclusion: 68Ga-Pentixafor-PET/CT represents a novel diagnostic tool to non-invasively detect and quantify the extent of disease involvement in MPNs.