PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Gertsenshteyn, Inna AU - Barth, Eugene AU - Kim, Heejong AU - Epel, Boris AU - Leoni, Lara AU - Tsai, Hsiu-Ming AU - Lukens, John AU - Sundramoorthy, Subramanian AU - Giurcanu, Mihai AU - Ahluwalia, Amandeep AU - Fan, Xiaobing AU - Markiewicz, Erica AU - Zamora, Marta AU - Bhuiyan, Mohammed AU - Freifelder, Richard AU - Kucharski, Anna AU - Kao, Chien-Min AU - Halpern*, Howard AU - Chen*, Chin-Tu TI - Optimal [18]F-Misonidazole PET threshold to locate SCC7 tumor hypoxia using EPR pO<sub>2 </sub>as ground truth DP - 2021 May 01 TA - Journal of Nuclear Medicine PG - 12--12 VI - 62 IP - supplement 1 4099 - http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/62/supplement_1/12.short 4100 - http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/62/supplement_1/12.full SO - J Nucl Med2021 May 01; 62 AB - 12Objectives: Tumor hypoxia is associated with resistance to therapy and tumor progression, and correlates negatively with patient survival [1, 2, 3]. 18F-Misonidazole (FMISO) is frequently used in clinical PET trials to measure and treat tumor hypoxia [4], but there is no universally accepted threshold to define tumor hypoxia with FMISO. This study uses electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) pO2 images as true hypoxia (pO2 &lt; 10 mmHg) [5] to calculate the optimal corresponding FMISO PET threshold for identifying hypoxic tumors in SCC7 tumor murine models of squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Imaging: Using SCC7 squamous cell carcinoma murine models (n=14), the tumor-bearing leg was immobilized in the plastic bed in a polysiloxane dental mold cast (GC America, Alsip, IL) with embedded fiducials to allow for co-registration between modalities. FMISO PET and EPR images were acquired in a hybrid PET/EPR system for simultaneous imaging [6], which gave the advantage of identical physiological conditions of the mouse. A tail-vein cannula was used to administer an oxygen-sensitive spin probe solution for EPR imaging. A bolus injection of ~230 uCi of FMISO (produced at the in-house cyclotron facility) was used for PET imaging; images were acquired 2-hours post-injection. T2-weighted images were acquired in a 9.4 Tesla small animal imager (Bruker, Erlangen, Germany) for registration and tumor/muscle contouring. Image analysis: Following MRI/EPR/PET registration in MATLAB, images were resampled to the PET image’s isotropic voxel resolution of [0.5 mm]3. The T2 MRI-based tumor and muscle contour were transformed to the PET and EPR images in units of tumor-to-muscle ratio (TMR) and pO2, respectively. Using a custom-written script in MATLAB, ROC curves were generated for each tumor across all thresholds of PET TMR &gt; 0 to 5.6 in increments of 0.2, using EPR pO2 &lt; 10 mmHg as true hypoxia. The accuracy (ACC) (fraction of true negatives and positives over all true/false negatives/positives), Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), and Hausdorff Distance (dH) were used to quantify overlap between hypoxic regions as defined by EPR and PET. Because maximum ACC and DSC are both between 0 and 1, with 1 corresponding to highest overlap, dH was normalized and subtracted from 1 (1 - || dH ||) so that the highest value would also show maximum overlap. The peak mean of ACC, DSC, and 1 - ||dH|| averaged over all tumors was used to determine the optimal PET threshold. The hypoxic fractions of tumor voxels based on resulting thresholds was also calculated to compare between modalities. Results: For all tumors, the area under the ROC curve using pO2 &lt; 10 mmHg as gold standard was AUC = 0.739 (SE = 0.03). The peak ACC = 0.816 (SE = 0.02) corresponding to the PET threshold TMR &gt; 2.4, and peak DSC = 0.485 (SE = 0.05) corresponding to a threshold TMR 2.0. At its minimum, mean dH = 3.40 (SE = 0.2) mm at TMR &gt; 2.4. The average value of ACC, DSC, and 1-|| dH || showed a peak at TMR &gt; 2.2 and pO2 &lt; 10 mmHg. The mean hypoxic fraction of EPR images was 0.20 (SE = 0.05), and of PET images was 0.19 (SE = 0.03), which was not significant based on the two-sample t-test (p = 0.51). Conclusions: Based on this dataset of SCC7 squamous cell carcinoma murine models, the PET threshold of TMR &gt; 2.2 has the highest ACC and DSC, and the lowest dH, when compared to hypoxic tumor regions defined by EPR pO2 &lt; 10 mmHg. These results might help improve patient prognosis for more accurate hypoxia-based dose-painting treatment plans based on PET imaging. References: [1] Hockel, M et al. (1996). Cancer Res, 56(19): p. 4509-15.[2] Hockel, M and Vaupel, P (2001). J Natl Cancer Inst, 93(4): p. 266-76.[3] Brizel, DM et al. (1997). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 38(2): p. 285-9.[4] Lopci, E et al. (2014). Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 4: p. 365-384.[5] Epel, B et al. (2019). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 103(4): p. 977-984.[6] Kim H et al. (2020). Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research Section, A, 959.