Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIGURE 1.
Flowchart of study cohort selection.
- FIGURE 2.
18F-FDG PET/CT of patient with mPC illustrating image analysis methodology of this study. Maximum-intensity projection (A) shows 18F-FDG–avid metastases in aortocaval lymph node (B, top), common iliac lymph node (B, middle), and ischial bone (B, bottom). For every 18F-FDG–avid metastasis, PET-derived metrics (i.e., MTV and TLG) were extracted and then summarized on whole-body scale for statistical analyses.
- FIGURE 3.
OS probabilities of patients with mCRPC after first-line treatment with abiraterone or enzalutamide, stratified by median whole-body TLG measured on 18F-FDG PET/CT. Sample size was too small for deriving reliable optimal cutoff TLG, and no statistical test was applied. Median OS times with 95% CI are provided.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Descriptive Statistics for Entire Study Cohort and Separately for mCRPC and mCSPC Patients
Parameter Overall (n = 96) mCRPC (n = 71) mCSPC (n = 25) P* Age at initial prostate cancer diagnosis (y) 66.2 (59.7, 71.6) 67.4 (59.7, 72.9) 64.2 (59.7, 65.9) 0.012 Gleason grade group at initial diagnosis 0.439 1 5 (5.2) 4 (5.6) 1 (4.0) 2 7 (7.3) 7 (9.9) 0 3 19 (19.8) 12 (16.9) 7 (28.0) 4 22 (22.9) 16 (22.5) 6 (24.0) 5 36 (37.5) 27 (38.0) 9 (36.0) Not available 7 (7.3) 5 (7.0) 2 (8.0) Initial prostate cancer treatment 0.022 Prostatectomy ± hormonal therapy 40 (41.7) 24 (33.8) 16 (64.0) Radiation ± hormonal therapy 27 (28.1) 24 (33.8) 3 (12.0) Hormonal therapy 29 (30.2) 23 (32.4) 6 (24.0) Initial cancer diagnosis to castration resistance (mo) — 50.5 (13.9, 125.3) — — Initial cancer diagnosis to treatment† start (mo) 42.5 (11.9, 116.0) 57.9 (15.4–127.1) 8.4 (6.2–74.5) 0.002 Castration resistance to treatment† start (mo) — 1.2 (0.3, 5.5) — — Age at start of treatment† (y) 71.0 (65.8, 79.6) 73.8 (67.1, 82.1) 67.9 (63.7, 70.7) 0.002 Treatment type 0.161 Abiraterone plus prednisone 57 (59.4) 39 (54.9) 18 (72.0) Enzalutamide 39 (40.6) 32 (45.1) 7 (28.0) Laboratory parameters at treatment† start Prostate-specific antigen (ng/mL) 13.3 (3.1, 32.4) 15.1 (4.4, 37.7) 3.5 (1.0, 23.4) 0.016 Albumin (g/dL) 4.2 (4.1, 4.4) 4.2 (4.0, 4.4) 4.4 (4.1, 4.7) 0.019 Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) 88 (70, 141) 94 (70, 150) 75.5 (62, 96.5) 0.079 Hemoglobin (g/dL) 12.7 (11.8, 13.6) 12.3 (11.3, 13.1) 13.8 (12.6, 14.8) <0.001 Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) 201 (173, 251) 218 (182, 260) 187 (155, 204) 0.003 18F-FDG PET/CT data Time from PET/CT to treatment† start (d) 22.5 (11.5, 40) 22 (12, 36) 23 (8, 43) 0.708 Injected 18F-FDG activity (MBq) 459 (437, 459) 463 (433, 488) 451 (440, 463) 0.269 Time from tracer injection to scan start (min) 67 (61, 79.5) 70 (63, 80) 62 (60, 73) 0.052 SUVmax (g/mL) 7.1 (5.3, 10.9) 7.2 (5.5, 11.7) 5.9 (4.8, 9.0) 0.188 Number of 18F-FDG–avid metastases 4 (2, 14) 5 (3, 15) 2 (0, 8) 0.018 Whole-body metabolic tumor volume (mL) 45.7 (13.0, 120.8) 57.0 (20.9, 145.3) 15.5 (0, 62.9) 0.005 Whole-body TLG (g) 123.3 (38.5, 568.1) 167.0 (48.7, 583.7) 59.5 (0, 194.1) 0.004 Follow-up after treatment† start in survivors (mo) 56.3 (37.7, 66.8) 45.3 (32.9, 65.7) 60.1 (29.7, 67.8) 0.334 Median survival after treatment† start (mo) [95% CI] 39.7 [28.6, 53.5] 27.8 [22.1, 39.7] 76.1 [50.3, -] <0.001 * For comparison of mCRPC and mCSPC patients.
† Treatment with abiraterone plus prednisone, or enzalutamide.
Qualitative data are absolute counts and percentage; continuous data are median and interquartile range.
- TABLE 2
Results of Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Analyses of OS Probability After Initiation of Abiraterone or Enzalutamide Therapy
Univariate Multivariate Parameter HR P HR P mCRPC patients (n = 71) Age at start of treatment 1.03 [0.99, 1.06] 0.11 Treatment agent 0.48 Enzalutamide (n = 32) Reference Abiraterone (n = 39) 1.21 [0.71, 2.08] Laboratory parameters at treatment start Prostate-specific antigen (log) 1.13 [0.95, 1.35] 0.17 Albumin 0.55 [0.23, 1.31] 0.18 Alkaline phosphatase (log) 1.90 [1.34, 2.70] <0.001 Not selected Hemoglobin 0.80 [0.67, 0.95] 0.013 0.81 [0.69, 0.96] 0.013 Lactate dehydrogenase 1.005 [1.003, 1.008] <0.001 Not selected 18F-FDG PET/CT metrics SUVmax (g/mL) 1.14 [1.08, 1.21] <0.001 Not selected Number of 18F-FDG–avid metastases 1.08 [1.05, 1.11] <0.001 Not selected Whole-body MTV (log) 1.86 [1.49, 2.33] <0.001 Not selected Whole-body TLG (log) 1.84 [1.51, 2.26] <0.001 1.88 [1.53, 2.32] <0.001 mCSPC patients (n = 25) Age at start of treatment 1.02 [0.9, 1.15] 0.76 Treatment agent 0.72 Enzalutamide (n = 7) Reference Abiraterone (n = 18) 0.73 [0.13, 3.98] Laboratory parameters at treatment start Prostate-specific antigen (log) 1.07 [0.72, 1.58] 0.74 Albumin 1.29 [0.9, 17.2] 0.85 Alkaline phosphatase (log) 1.55 [0.59, 4.05] 0.37 Hemoglobin 0.66 [0.43, 1.03] 0.065 Lactate dehydrogenase 1.00 [0.98, 1.02] 0.89 18F-FDG PET/CT metrics SUVmax (g/mL) 0.99 [0.90, 1.09] 0.80 Number of 18F-FDG–avid metastases 1.03 [0.96, 1.11] 0.43 Whole-body MTV (log) 1.21 [0.83, 1.76] 0.33 Whole-body TLG (log) 1.18 [0.86, 1.61] 0.31 “Treatment” indicates treatment with abiraterone plus prednisone, or enzalutamide. “Not selected” indicates not selected during stepwise selection. Data in brackets are 95% CIs.
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